Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Kamal Atmeh Christophe Bonenfant Jean-Michel Gaillard Mathieu Garel A. J. Mark Hewison Pascal Marchand Nicolas Morellet Pia Anderwald Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar Jeffrey L. Beck Matthew S. Becker Floris M. van Beest Jodi Berg Ulrika A. Bergvall Randall B. Boone Mark S. Boyce Simon Chamaillé-Jammes Yannick Chaval Chimeddorj Buyanaa David Christianson Simone Ciuti Steeve D. Côté Duane R. Diefenbach Egil Droge Johan T. du Toit Samantha Dwinnell Julian Fennessy Flurin Filli Daniel Fortin Emma E. Hart Matthew Hayes Mark Hebblewhite Morten Heim Ivar Herfindal Marco Dietmar Heurich Christian von Hoermann Katey Huggler Craig Ryan Jackson Andrew F. Jakes Paul F. Jones Petra Kaczensky Matthew Kauffman Petter Kjellander Tayler LeSharr Leif Egil Loe Roelof Frans May Philip McLoughlin Erling Meisingset Evelyn Merrill Kevin L. Monteith Thomas Mueller Atle Mysterud Dejid Nandintsetseg Kirk Olson John Payne Scott Pearson Åshild Ønvik Pedersen Dustin Ranglack Adele K. Reinking Thomas Rempfler Clifford G. Rice Eivin Røskaft Bernt-Erik Sæther Sonia Saïd Hugo Santacreu Niels Martin Schmidt Daan Smit Jared A. Stabach Martin-Hugues St-Laurent Joëlle Taillon W. David Walter Kevin White Guillaume Péron Anne LoisonSammendrag
Caring for newborn offspring hampers resource acquisition of mammalian females, curbing their ability to meet the high energy expenditure of early lactation. Newborns are particularly vulnerable, and, among the large herbivores, ungulates have evolved a continuum of neonatal antipredator tactics, ranging from immobile hider (such as roe deer fawns or impala calves) to highly mobile follower offspring (such as reindeer calves or chamois kids). How these tactics constrain female movements around parturition is unknown, particularly within the current context of increasing habitat fragmentation and earlier plant phenology caused by global warming. Here, using a comparative analysis across 54 populations of 23 species of large herbivores from 5 ungulate families (Bovidae, Cervidae, Equidae, Antilocapridae and Giraffidae), we show that mothers adjust their movements to variation in resource productivity and heterogeneity according to their offspring’s neonatal tactic. Mothers with hider offspring are unable to exploit environments where the variability of resources occurs at a broad scale, which might alter resource allocation compared with mothers with follower offspring. Our findings reveal that the overlooked neonatal tactic plays a key role for predicting how species are coping with environmental variation.
Forfattere
Nicola Bozzolan Frits Mohren Giacomo Grassi Mart-Jan Schelhaas Igor Staritsky Tobias Stern Mikko Peltoniemi Vladimír Šebeň Mariana Hassegawa Pieter Johannes Verkerk Marco Patacca Aris Jansons Martin Jankovský Petra Palátová Hanna Blauth Daniel McInerney Jan Oldenburger Eirik Ogner Jåstad Jaroslav Kubista Clara Antón Fernández Gert-jan NabuursSammendrag
As the overall demand for wood-based products continues to grow, questions arise on how local wood resources and industry characteristics can effectively meet this growing demand. In the European Union (EU) 550 million m3 of wood is harvested annually, and is to a large extent processed by the wood industry. Little is known about the interplay between industrial capacity and the regional availability of timber resources. We compared the capacities from the European Forest Industry Facilities Database (EUFID) with the estimated wood supply from the procurement areas around processing industries, calculated using a spatially explicit resource model (EFISCEN-Space). We found that the estimated total capacity for the available European countries is 427 M m3 roundwood equivalent (rw. Eq.) for pulp and paper (including both virgin and recycled fibres), 102 M m3 for bioenergy (only bioenergy plants), and 153 M m3 for sawmills. We then conducted an in-depth analysis of three case studies: Norway, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Given the current probability of trees being harvested (excluding disturbances) and the hypothetical optimal grading of the logs, the volume for each assortment type is closely aligned with the current capacity of each industry branch, indicating no overcapacity. We found undersupply of softwood of 3.4 M m3 for the Czech Republic, 1.5 M m3 for Norway, and 3.8 M m3 for Germany. At the same time, in Germany, we found an oversupply of hardwood of 3.0 M m3. Additionally, a substantial amount of biomass graded as bioenergy was found for Germany and the Czech Republic, potentially serving as fuelwood in households. Concerning wood procurement areas, we concluded that a fixed radius of 100 km from the facility limited the availability of raw material procurement, particularly for bioenergy and pulp and paper mills, suggesting that these two product chains use a broader procurement basin than sawlogs. This study provides a high-resolution, spatially explicit modelling methodology for assessing the interaction between potential wood harvest and industrial processing capacity, which can support projections of sustainable development of the forest industry.
Sammendrag
This study examined the economic potential of thinning in pure, even-aged Norway spruce and Scots pine forests in Norway based on simulated stand dynamics using plot data from the Norwegian national forest inventory. Simulated management scenarios included fully mechanized thinning from below of varying intensity including no thinning. The economic evaluation was based on comparing the equivalent annual annuity of the unthinned scenario and the economically best-performing thinning scenario for each studied plot. The findings suggest that only late thinnings in well-stocked stands with sufficiently large trees are economically beneficial. Furthermore, to be economically superior, a thinning intervention itself had to generate enough profit, meaning that the revenue from thinning needed to sufficiently exceed the costs. Profitability of thinning scenarios varied with discount rates and timber prices and depended on whether rotation age was based on maximum net present value or maximum mean annual increment. Thinning was less often profitable in pine compared to spruce stands. This study is among the few that model stand development considering post-thinning stand structures with systematic machine trails while assessing the profitability of such thinning operations.
Sammendrag
Effekten av skogbruk på eutrofibelastningen i Oslofjorden er anslått basert på tilførsler av løst uorganisk nitrogen (DIN). Dette anslaget er beheftet med en rekke usikkerheter som kan forbedres ved å bl.a. samle inn flere data om effekten av skogsdrift på vann, samt forbedre anslag over årlig hogstareal. Våre anslag antyder at tap av nitrogen fra skogsdrift til Oslofjorden ligger på nivå med tapet fra spredt avløp og bebyggelse. På side 6 finnes et utvidet sammendrag. The effect of forestry on the eutrophic pressure of the Oslo Fjord has been estimated based on fluxes of DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen). This estimate is subject to many uncertainties that can be improved by, among other things, collecting more data on the effect of forestry on water, as well as improving estimates of annual logging area. Our estimate suggests that losses of nitrogen to the Oslo Fjord from forestry are in the same range as losses from households not connected to sewage treatment plants and from settlements.
Forfattere
Valentina Sierra-Jimenez Jonathan P. Mathews Pilsun Yoo Alice Budai Farid Chejne Anthony Dufour Manuel Garcia-PerezSammendrag
A well-defined methodology for constructing appropriate atomistic representations of biochar will aid in visualizing the structural features and elucidating biochar behavior with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Such knowledge will facilitate engineering biochars tailored to specific applications. To achieve this goal, we adapted modeling strategies applied in coal science by employing multi-cross-polarization 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, ultimate analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify functional groups. Helium density, surface area, and porosity were used to assess structural features. Biochar's aromatic cluster size distribution was proposed based on data from the benzene polycarboxylic acid method. The computational framework reduces bias by incorporating chemical information derived from density functional theory, reactive MD simulations, and advanced characterization data. The construction approach was successfully applied to cellulose biochars produced at four temperatures, obtaining independent representations with a relative error on the atomic contents of <10 % for oxygen and nitrogen and <5 % for carbon and hydrogen. The atomistic representations were validated using X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance data, and laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry. The code will assist others in overcoming structural creation barriers and enable the utilization of the generated structures for further simulations.
Sammendrag
Tilrettelegging for blomsterrike arealer i hverdagslandskapet er viktig for å sikre mat og habitater til de pollinerende insektene. Det er de gamle og tradisjonelt drevne slåtteengene som er det store og kompliserte forbildet for blomsterengene som vi ønsker å etablere rundt oss. Disse engene er blitt til gjennom generasjoner av skjøtsel uten bruk av kunstgjødsel eller plantevernmidler, og med en gammeldags høyslått ofte i kombinasjon med beiting vår og/eller høst. I dag er det svært få slåttemarker igjen og naturtypen har status som kritisk truet. I 2021 fikk Norsk kompetansesenter for blomstereng og naturfrø ved NIBIO Landvik i oppdrag av Sørlandet sykehus HF om å bistå gartnerne med praktisk rådgivning slik at de kunne tilrettelegge for blomsterenger med stedegne markblomster på deler av sykehustomta. Under den første befaringen i september 2021 ble det avgrensa fem arealer som var ansett som godt egnet for etablering av blomstereng. Skjøtselsplanen er utarbeidet i samarbeid med gartnerne Trond Stensland og Pål Skarpeid.
Sammendrag
STOPPest-prosjektet (2021-2024) har som mål å få frem ny kunnskap om rollene til ulike aktører innen dagens plantehelsesystem for å minimere biologisk risiko. En av arbeidspakkene i prosjektet fokuserer på de fysiske kontrollene som skal utføres av importerte planter for å sikre at de er frie for medfølgende planteskadegjørere. I 2021 var fokus i denne arbeidspakken først og fremst på planteskadegjørere innen slekta Phytophthora, som typisk følger med som blindpassasjerer i rotklumpen på importerte grøntanleggs- og hageplanter. I prosjektet i 2022 var det fokus på karanteneskadegjøreren Phytophthora ramorum, som tidligere ofte har ankommet til Norge med Rhododendron og andre treaktige planter, samt skadegjørere på jordbærplanter f.eks. P. fragariae (rød marg), P. cactorum (rotstokkråte), Pestalotiopsis og Neopestalotiopsis. De to sistnevnte har nylig blitt rapportert som årsak til en ny sjukdom på jordbær i Norge, og det mistenkes at de har fulgt med importerte jordbærplanter etter at det ble åpnet for import i 2016. Denne rapporten inneholder resultatene fra undersøkelsene i 2022, samt informasjon om de karanteneskadegjørerne og kvalitetsskadegjørerne som ble oppdaget. Se fullstendig sammendrag side 5.
Sammendrag
• For more than 20 years, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been used to study inducible defenses in conifers and to increase tree resistance to pests and pathogens. Despite the numerous studies on the subject, no attempts have been made to summarize or quantify how MeJA affects resistance and growth in conifers. Here we present a quantitative meta-analysis of the effects of MeJA treatment on the conifer genera Pinus and Picea, two of the most economically and ecologically important tree genera in boreal, temperate, and alpine forests. • A literature search yielded 120 relevant papers. We summarized the key experimental methods used in these papers and performed a meta-analysis of how MeJA affects tree growth and resistance to pests and pathogens. • The results show that MeJA negatively affects tree growth, with an overall effect size of −0.63. The overall effect size of MeJA for tree resistance was −0.76, indicating that MeJA treatment significantly reduces tree damage caused by biotic stressors. • Although our meta-analysis shows that MeJA is effective in enhancing conifer defenses, there are still gaps in our understanding of the durability and ecological consequences of MeJA treatment. We provide suggestions for how future research should be conducted to address these gaps.
Forfattere
Marco Ferretti Arthur Gessler Nathalie Cools Stefan Fleck Rossella Guerrieri Tamara Jakovljević Manuel Nicolas Tiina M. Nieminen Diana Pitar Nenad Potočić Stephan Raspe Marcus Schaub Kai Schwärzel Volkmar Timmermann Monika Vejpustková Lars Vesterdal Petteri Vanninen Peter Waldner Lothar Zimmermann Tanja GM SandersSammendrag
Forests are increasingly affected by global change. Building resilient forests requires – amongst others - leveraging the wealth of knowledge from existing ground-based, field inventory and monitoring programs as well as Earth Observation systems to better assess the status, detect changes, understand processes, predict future dynamics, and guide forest management. A proposal from the European Commission for a new forest monitoring framework at the European level aims in this direction but lacks the integration of some crucial and readily available resources and infrastructures. For this reason, the proposal risks to be a missed opportunity rather than a step forward. Here we provide suggestions to help reconciling the proposal with its objectives and a more comprehensive monitoring vision.
Forfattere
James A. Price Kelsey Hunt Newton Nyagah Calvince Orage Onesmus Mwaura Solveig Haukeland Danny Coyne John T. JonesSammendrag
Potato production in East Africa is seriously impacted by the potato cyst nematode (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis, where it has been recorded in at least three countries. In Kenya, it is widespread in all major potato-growing regions, often at very high densities. Consecutive cropping of potato on the same land and a sub-tropical climate have influenced PCN biology. For example, unusually large cysts have been regularly recovered. We have analysed the biological properties of these ‘giant cysts’. The giant cysts contained more eggs than those recovered from UK fields. Egg size did not differ from UK populations and there was no difference in overall lipid content or lipid profile in J2 from giant cysts, compared to control samples. The nematodes in giant cysts were also genetically indistinguishable from any other G. rostochiensis sampled. When grown under UK glasshouse conditions, the offspring of nematodes from giant cysts were no different in size from those grown from control cysts, indicating that gigantism is not a heritable trait and may simply reflect favourable conditions for PCN under Kenyan farming systems. To date, all the PCN tested from Kenya, including those from giant cysts, are avirulent on potato cultivars containing the H1 resistance gene