Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Forfattere
Trine Eggen Lars Petter Myhre Rolf Arne Kleiv Carl Amundsen Maria Thornhill N. O. Kitterød Atle Nævdal Stig Westerlund Roald SørheimSammendrag
Det er utarbeidet et testprogram for å vurdere egnethet av overskudds- og restmasser for bruk til tildekking av forurensede sedimenter. Testprogrammet vurderer materialets egnethet på generelt grunnlag, uavhengig av en rekke stedspesifikke faktorer som da må vurderes i et helhetlig perspektiv i forhold til et søkt tildekkingsprosjekt. Inntil det er etablert egnede akseptkriterier for dette formålet anvendes kriterier etablert for andre formål. Forslag til opplysninger som SFT eller fylkesmannen bør kreve av søkeren av gjennomføring av tildekkingsprosjekt er en del av i rapporten. Dette omfatter prosjektering, gjennomføring og langsiktig overvåkning av eventuelle miljøkonsekvenser.
Forfattere
Sonja Klemsdal Karen Rae Bone May Bente Brurberg Erling Fløistad Roar Moe Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
The relative distribution of PoiBI in different tissues and in different parts ofthe plants was quantified using the comparative Ct method and a new developed TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Five samples were analysed from each of six different nodes equally distributed along the height of the plant. Also samples from the top of the plant, from the stem base and the primary and secondary roots were studied. The quantitative real-time PCR test proved to be a very sensitive test. Highest level of phytoplasma was found in the bark samples while the stem core samples contained little or no detectable phytoplasma. The lack of accumulation of phytoplasma in sink tissues indicates restricted phloem translocation of PoiBI. There were large plant-to-plant variations in PoiBI content and further studies including more plants will be needed in order to reveal the general distribution of PoiBI and its possible correlation to branching in poinsettia.
Forfattere
Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
P Soppela M Turunen B Forbes P Aikio H Magga M-L Sutinen K Lakkala Christian UhligSammendrag
The chemical response to reindeer summer pasture plants in a subarctic peatland to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Forfattere
Ann NorderhaugSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The effect of plant age and cold hardening on resistance to pink snow mould caused by Microdochium nivale was studied in perennial ryegrass. Resistance to M. nivale was estimated as relative regrowth after inoculation and incubation under artificial snow cover at 2 degrees C. Resistance increased with increasing plant age. Cold hardened and unhardened plants of the same age displayed identical resistance. Preliminary studies indicate that expression of genes coding for the PR proteins chitinase and PR-1a increased during incubation of inoculated perennial ryegrass, but no clear difference in expression of these genes was found between plants of different ages, or in hardened versus unhardened plants.
Sammendrag
Feed fatty acid (FA) composition influences the FA composition of cow milk. In a continuous production experiment with 32 Norwegian red dairy cows fishmeal (FM) was compared to peameal (PM) as protein supplement to home-grown cereals and grass silage in organic farming. The protein supplements were together with cereals formulated to be isonitrogeneous and isoenergetic (NEL) and were compared at high (HC) and low concentrate (LC) level. The concentrate rations did not affect the intake of silage. Fishmeal resulted in significantly higher milk yield (kg) with a lower fat concentration (HC) compared to PM. Lower concentrations of urea and FFA were found in milk produced with FM compared to PM. Milk flavour and odour was equal or better when FM rather than PM was fed. Fishmeal diets increased significantly the proportions of several long-chain FAs: oleic acid (C18:1c9), vaccenic acid (C18:1c11), CLA (C18:2c9,t11, not significant at HC), C20:0, C18:1t10, and DHA (C22:6 n-3) in milk fat compared to PM. DHA, which is found in high concentrations in FM (14 g/100g FAME), had the most significant increase. The proportion of C18:3 n-3 (ALA) was significantly lower when FM was fed compared to PM. The percentage of saturated FA was significantly lower and the percentage of monounsaturated FA was higher when FM rather than PM was fed. For cows on HC the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower in the FM group than in the PM group, and the ratio was lower at LC than at HC (p = 0.006, interaction p = 0.02). Fishmeal diets included higher proportions of oats than PM diets. Oats have high content of oleic acid and may therefore have influenced the composition of FAs in milk fat as well as the protein supplements. Fishmeal increased the proportion of beneficial FAs without reducing the sensoric quality of milk. It remains unclear whether this is an effect of protein source or an effect of the higher oat proportions in FM diets.
Forfattere
Steffen Adler Åshild T. RandbySammendrag
Feed fatty acid (FA) composition influences the FA composition of cow milk. In a continuous production experiment with 32 Norwegian red dairy cows fishmeal (FM) was compared to peameal (PM) as protein supplement to home-grown cereals and grass silage in organic farming. The protein supplements were together with cereals formulated to be isonitrogeneous and isoenergetic (NEL) and were compared at high (HC) and low concentrate (LC) level. The concentrate rations did not affect the intake of silage. Fishmeal resulted in significantly higher milk yield (kg) with a lower fat concentration (HC) compared to PM. Lower concentrations of urea and FFA were found in milk produced with FM compared to PM. Milk flavour and odour was equal or better when FM rather than PM was fed. Fishmeal diets increased significantly the proportions of several long-chain FAs: oleic acid (C18:1c9), vaccenic acid (C18:1c11), CLA (C18:2c9,t11, not significant at HC), C20:0, C18:1t10, and DHA (C22:6 n-3) in milk fat compared to PM. DHA, which is found in high concentrations in FM (14 g/100g FAME), had the most significant increase. The proportion of C18:3 n-3 (ALA) was significantly lower when FM was fed compared to PM. The percentage of saturated FA was significantly lower and the percentage of monounsaturated FA was higher when FM rather than PM was fed. For cows on HC the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower in the FM group than in the PM group, and the ratio was lower at LC than at HC (p = 0.006, interaction p = 0.02). Fishmeal diets included higher proportions of oats than PM diets. Oats have high content of oleic acid and may therefore have influenced the composition of FAs in milk fat as well as the protein supplements. Fishmeal increased the proportion of beneficial FAs without reducing the sensoric quality of milk. It remains unclear whether this is an effect of protein source or an effect of the higher oat proportions in FM diets.
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt Hanssen M. LiuSammendrag
The use of partial cuttings in spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) stands is increasing in Norway, especially at sites where special consideration must be taken regarding biodiversity or the recreational value of the forest. However, obtaining sufficient numbers of vital natural regeneration using partial cuttings can be challenging in the Nordic countries, due to harsh climatic conditions and tough competition.We wanted to relate the establishment and growth of natural spruce regeneration to soil conditions and understorey light levels using a thirteen year old field trial with different types of partial cuttings. The field trial was established in a Norway spruce forest on a hillside with varying soil conditions in Oslo, SE Norway. The harvesting treatments included thinning from above, single-tree selection, group felling, shelterwood cuttings and small clear cuts, resulting in a range of cutting intensities and gap sizes.In 2005, spruce seedling establishment as well as growth variables of the tallest seedlings were registered in circular plots of 50 m2 in the different treatments, and soil thickness and moisture class were registered in the same plots. Samples of seedling needles were tested for nitrogen content. Light levels (diffuse, direct and total radiation) below the canopy were measured for each circular plot using hemispherical photography.A covariance analysis with light level as the continuous variable was used to test whether seedling establishment or growth was dependent of soil depth, moisture class or light levels. Diffuse light values corresponded best with seedling growth. The levels of diffuse light in the partial cuttings varied from 19 to 30 % of above canopy values, with the shelterwoods and the group fellings having the highest levels. Still, the clear cuts had light levels more than twice as high as the shelterwoods.The number of spruce regeneration varied substantially between plots with the same harvesting treatment. Seedling numbers were dependent on soil conditions, and were highest on sites with good moisture conditions and soil thickness 20 cm. The covariance analysis did not give a significant effect of light values on spruce seedling number, but there was a tendency to better regeneration at medium light levels.However, the growth of the seedlings was strongly dependent on light levels, with taller leader length and total growth as well as a higher number of annual shoots under good light conditions.Soil depth was insignificant for seedling growth, but moisture class affected annual height growth. Nitrogen concentration in seedling needles was positively correlated with light conditions and negatively with stand density in the vicinity of the seedling, which indicates that the positive effect of large gaps on seedling growth may be caused by decreased competition for nutrients as well as increased radiation levels. Soil depth did not influence the nitrogen concentration.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag