Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Forfattere
Inger HansenSammendrag
Results from welfare assessments of dairy cows and calves housed in cold buildings in Norhern Norway.
Forfattere
Eivind VangdalSammendrag
Forbrukarane ynskjer frukt dyrka på ein miljøvenleg måte, og dyrkarane ser etter alternative metodar som kan redusera trongen for kjemiske plantevernmiddel. Frukt med høgt kalsiuminnhald er kjend for å vera fastare og mindre utsett for sjukdomar og fysiologiske skader enn frukter med lite kalsium. Norske forsøk viste at kalsiumtilførsel i søtkirsebær heva fruktkvaliteten og reduserte tap under omsetning på grunn av sprekking og utvikling av frakturar i fruktskinnet. Innhaldet av fenolar var høgare i kalsiumhandsama frukt.
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth BlankenbergSammendrag
In September 2000 EU agreed to implement the WFD. This led to some new perspectives in Norwegian administration. The areas of activity are watercourse/river systems, groundwater and sea-areas extending to one nautical mile outside the baseline. WFD are considered as a minimum requirement and every country are free to introduce more strict rules. The ministry of Environment are responsible for the coordination of the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Norway. The government has delegated the responsibility to The Regional Commissioner "Fylkesmannsembetet". The first step in the WFD Implementation in Norway is to charaterize the catchment-areas and the water recipients in the nine Water regions. Based on todays situation, and the deviation from the expected natural state, the needs for and the extent of precautions will be identified to reach the environmental goals. Based on the water quality-quantity relations in the catchment areas / watershed, an action-plan will be pre-pared. The action-plan will ensure that the objectives will be fulfilled. Establishment of tar-gets and a monitoring program will be made for all the catchment areas / watershed. The tar-gets are planned to be reached within 15 Years (2015). To define a goal for water status, a water classification system are created. A GIS-tool has been made and distributed to all coun-ties for QA and input of additional regional/local information.
Forfattere
Hans Overgaard Michael AngstreichSammendrag
Inget sammendrag
Sammendrag
Studies of defense mechanisms in Norway spruce Picea abies against the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus show that inducible defenses are triggered by unsuccessful beetle attacks. Moreover, spruce trees can be vaccinated against bark beetle attacks through stem bark inoculation with Ceratocystis polonica, an aggressive fungal associate of Ips typographus. Artificial inoculation with certain other fungi has a similar effect, making treated trees a tougher mach for attacking beetles. A similar enhancement of resistance can be achieved by stem surface treatment with methyl jasmonate. Enhanced resistance is associated with the formation of traumatic resin ducts, and mobilization of phenolic substances in living parenchyma cells. The phenolics appear to mix with the traumatic resin. Similar mechanisms are operating in other conifers. We hypothesize that unsuccessful beetle attacks produce a vaccination effect in the trees, enhancing their resistance to later attack. Adding the effect of induced resistance as a model factor shows an immediate effect on the population dynamics of Ips typographus.
Forfattere
Ievina Sturite Trond Maukon Henriksen Tor Arvid BrelandSammendrag
We have studied to what degree Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) are able to preserve nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in shoots and roots from one growing season to the next in a northern temperate climate. Field experiments were performed during four consecutive winters in central southeast Norway (60 degrees 42'N, 10 degrees 51'E), and N and P in plant biomass were measured in the autumn and in the spring. We also measured the contents of total N, total P and organic carbon (C) in seepage water that percolated through the aboveground plant material. Uptake of N and P in Italian ryegrass and white clover was substantially larger than in meadow fescue. The winter losses varied greatly from year to year, depending on the winter climate. On the average for all three of the plant species, the winter losses of N from aboveground biomass were 6, 35, 68 and 10% in the four experimental years, respectively. The corresponding P losses were 11, 36, 60 and 22%. On the average for all plant species and experimental years, 43 (+/- 12)% (S.E., n = 12) of the N, 34 (+/- 9)% of the P and 4 (+/- 1)% of the C that was lost from the aboveground plant biomass during the winter, was recovered in seepage water, basically as a nutrient pulse in melt water in early spring. The very low C recovery rate in seepage water suggested a considerable microbial growth on lost plant C. Assuming that all un-recovered plant C was consumed by microorganisms not included in measurements of the seepage water, modelling showed that microbial immobilisation theoretically might explain the unexpectedly low recovery rates of N and P. The study was not designed to investigate the possible effects of psychrophilic microbes on N and P cycling. Therefore, it is inconclusive and underlines the need for more knowledge on this matter. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Sammendrag
Furfurylated wood (wood modified by furfuryl alcohol) has over the last years gained marked shares from both tropical wood and conventional preservative treated wood and this has, in turn, generated several research projects concerning process development. The impregnation of spruce is well known from literature to be a difficult task. Furthermore, the sapwood of Scandinavian grown Scots pine is also known to be difficult to fully impregnate from time to time. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate whether the Oscillating Pressure Method (OPM) could be used to impregnate green and dry Norway spruce wood (Picea abies) with a Furfuryl alcohol (FA) - mixture. The secondary objective of the study was to evaluate if OPM could improve the penetration of FA in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) as compared to conventional full cell (Bethell) treatment. Impregnation tests were carried out on boards and planks as well as 300 mm and 500 mm clear wood samples. Samples were removed for MC measurement and the initial weight of the test samples was determined. Four different impregnation schemes were tested. The results indicate that Norway spruce can be impregnated by the OPM method to produce a protective shell of treated wood around a core of untreated wood. The penetration in Spruce showed great variation between different boards and between different parts of the individual boards. This is in part expected, but can also be caused by uncontrolled pre drying of the test material which was stacked uncovered after sawing. For Scots pine, the OPM improved the penetration of both sapwood and, to some extent, the outer heartwood.
Sammendrag
The objective was to evaluate whether Lowry-impregnation of Scots pine with FA100-mix, instead of the FA40-mix, would lead to similar or slightly higher WPGs and to investigate any potential changes in penetration pattern. The results indicate that the penetration was better, also penetrating the outer zone of the heartwood. Furthermore, it was possible to reduce the WPG-levels for pine down to 50-70% (corresponding to PFA retentions of 260- 315 kg/m³) from 120% (approx. 550 kg/m³) with full-cell impregnation using FA100-mix. Using the Lowry process with FA100-mix would probably be a possible treating schedule for products aimed for use in ground contact. The reduced content of hygroscopic salts in the furfurylated wood product would also further reduce hygroscopisity compared with FA-40 mix. However, more trials are needed in order to optimize penetration while still keeping the final WPG low.
Sammendrag
Vannkvalitet og -kvantitet i elver over hele verden er samlet inn og vurdert mht potensiale for saltkraft. Arbeidet er utført på oppdrag for Statkraft Development, alle henvendelser om prosjektet bes rettes til oppdragsgiver (www.statkraft.no).
Forfattere
Guro HenselSammendrag
Egen informasjonsside for mindre avløpsanlegg på internett. Informasjonen retter seg først og fremst mot to interessegrupper; saksbehandlere for mindre avløpsanlegg i kommunene, og privatpesoner som skal etablere avløpsanlegg. Nettsiden er inndelt i følgende tre hovedtemaer: "Kommuneveildning" er info som er tilpasset saksbehandlere i kommunene. "Hvordan velge avløpsløsning" er info spesielt for utbyggere av anlegg, mens " Renseløsninger" er generell informasjon om ulike typer mindre avløpsanlegg på markedet Informasjonen som i hovedsak er utformet av Bioforsk Jord og miljø (tidligere Jordforsk) og UMB i tidligere prosjekter, er tilrettelagt og bearbeidet for internett med delfinansiering av Statens forurensningstilsyn, SFT. Bioforsk er faglig ansvarlig for innholdet å på nettstedet. Ansvarlig redaktør for sidene er Anders W. Yri ( Bioforsk).