Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Oleif ElenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Oleif Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Guro Brodal Heidi Udnes Aamot Marika Jestoi Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Behandling med Proline reduserte innholdet av DON i havre og hvete, men ikke innholdet av T-2 og HT-2 toksin
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Gunnhild Wærsted Takle Ian Toth May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
During the last years, Norway and several other countries have seen an increase in potato blackleg disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (formerly known as Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica). P. atrosepticum has a narrow host range, limited almost exclusively to potato plants in temperate regions, where it also causes soft rot of potato tubers. The pathogen spreads from infected seed tubers to progeny tubers either through the plant or over short distances in the soil. However, little is known about how seed potatoes are initially contaminated with the bacterium and what onsets the infection. Our overall aim is to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms behind potato infection by P. atrosepticum and to find possible means of controlling blackleg disease, as well as providing more knowledge of the overall lifestyle of the bacterium. The sequencing and annotation of the genome of P. atrosepticum strain SCRI1043 (Bell et al., 2004. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. 101: 11105-10) as well as a genome-wide mutant library (Holeva et al., 2004. Mol. Plant. Microbe. Interact. 17:943-50) provide valuable tools in examining the molecular aspects of both pathogenesis and environment related factors. Quorum-sensing seems to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of P. athrosepticum, and we are currently studying some of the many genes affected by this regulatory control as well as other putative virulence genes.
Forfattere
Oleif Elen Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Guro Brodal Heidi Udnes Aamot Marika Jestoi Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
Sprøyting med Proline under blomstring reduserte DON-innhold i hvete oa havre, men ikke innholdet av T-2 og HT-2.
Sammendrag
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a widespread and destructive disease of cereals caused by a number of Fusarium species. Under field conditions a mixture of Fusarium species exists. While FHB in wheat has been well studied, Fusarium infection of oats has not yet been characterized. Little is known about how the presence of a mixture of different Fusarium species in the same sample affects the mycotoxin production. During flowering plants of wheat and oats grown under greenhouse conditions were spray inoculated with single and multiple Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. langsethiae). Chemical toxin analysis of harvested grain showed that the content of mycotoxins in oat were generally lower than in corresponding wheat samples. Neither T-2 nor HT-2 was detected in wheat or oat. Neither was it possible to detect F. langsethiae in the kernels when analysed by real-time TaqMan PCR. All wheat samples inoculated with F. graminearum contained relative high levels of deoxynivalenol. Samples infected with F. culmorum contained nivalenol in addition to deoxynivalenol. Moniliformin was detected at levels below the quantification limit in one third of the samples. The inoculation experiment was repeated with an adjusted inoculation procedure for F. langsethiae and F. poae, resulting in good establishment of all Fusarium species. The amounts of the different Fusarium species and the level of the corresponding mycotoxins were determined. The interactions between the Fusarium species regarding establishment on the fungus on the developing kernels and the production of the mycotoxins, will be discussed.
Sammendrag
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a widespread and destructive disease of cereals caused by a number of Fusarium species. Under field conditions a mixture of Fusarium species exists. While FHB in wheat has been well studied, Fusarium infection of oats has not yet been characterized. Little is known about how the presence of a mixture of different Fusarium species in the same sample affects the mycotoxin production. During flowering plants of wheat and oats grown under greenhouse conditions were spray inoculated with single and multiple Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. langsethiae). Chemical toxin analysis of harvested grain showed that the content of mycotoxins in oat were generally lower than in corresponding wheat samples. Neither T-2 nor HT-2 was detected in wheat or oat. Neither was it possible to detect F. langsethiae in the kernels when analysed by real-time TaqMan PCR. All wheat samples inoculated with F. graminearum contained relative high levels of deoxynivalenol. Samples infected with F. culmorum contained nivalenol in addition to deoxynivalenol. Moniliformin was detected at levels below the quantification limit in one third of the samples. The inoculation experiment was repeated with an adjusted inoculation procedure for F. langsethiae and F. poae, resulting in good establishment of all Fusarium species. The amounts of the different Fusarium species and the level of the corresponding mycotoxins were determined. The interactions between the Fusarium species regarding establishment on the fungus on the developing kernels and the production of the mycotoxins, was discussed.
Sammendrag
Vi studerer to sykdommer forårsaket av Phytophthora, rotstokkråte i jordbær (P. cactorum) og rød rotråte i bringebær (P. fragariae var. rubi (Pfr)). Bringebær og jordbær sorter varierer i resistens, men de fleste kommersielle kultivarene er mottakelige for disse to sykdommene. En universell merkemetode ble brukt for å gjøre markøranalyse for å identifisere genetiske markører koblet til resistens. For bringebær er populasjonen brukt for kartlegging avkommene fra en krysning mellom resistent Asker og mottakelig Glen Moy. Resistensen til 200 avkom har blitt testet under kontrollerte betingelser med smitting i vannkultur. Tretti dager etter inokulering med mycel av Pfr ble grad av symptom registrert. Kommersielt dyrket jordbær er en svært heterozygot oktoploid. Vi bruker derfor diploid villjordbær som en modellplante. Bioforsk har en samling av diploide jordbærgenotyper fra ulike steder i Norge. Totalt har 68 genotyper blitt testet for deres resistens mot P. cactorum. Ulik grad av resistens har blitt observert. Mottakelige så vel som svært resistente aksesjoner har blitt identifisert. Basert på disse resultatene vil genotyper bli valgt for å lage en segregerende populasjon fra en resistent x mottagelig krysning for å studere nedarvingen av P. cactorum resistensen.
Sammendrag
Vi studerer to sykdommer forårsaket av Phytophthora, rotstokkråte i jordbær (P. cactorum) og rød rotråte i bringebær (P. fragariae var. rubi (Pfr)). Bringebær og jordbær sorter varierer i resistens, men de fleste kommersielle kultivarene er mottakelige for disse to sykdommene. En universell merkemetode ble brukt for å gjøre markøranalyse for å identifisere genetiske markører koblet til resistens. For bringebær er populasjonen brukt for kartlegging avkommene fra en krysning mellom resistent Asker og mottakelig Glen Moy. Resistensen til 200 avkom har blitt testet under kontrollerte betingelser med smitting i vannkultur. Tretti dager etter inokulering med mycel av Pfr ble grad av symptom registrert. Kommersielt dyrket jordbær er en svært heterozygot oktoploid. Vi bruker derfor diploid villjordbær som en modellplante. Bioforsk har en samling av diploide jordbærgenotyper fra ulike steder i Norge. Totalt har 68 genotyper blitt testet for deres resistens mot P. cactorum. Ulik grad av resistens har blitt observert. Mottakelige så vel som svært resistente aksesjoner har blitt identifisert. Basert på disse resultatene vil genotyper bli valgt for å lage en segregerende populasjon fra en resistent x mottagelig krysning for å studere nedarvingen av P. cactorum resistensen.