Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Bent C. Braskerud Atle HaugeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Fangdammer er konstruerte våtmarker som fanger opp og holder igjen jordpartikler, næringsstoffer og pesticider fra diffuse kilder som dyrka mark, veger og bebygd areal.
Forfattere
Grete Lene Serikstad Liv Birkeland (sluttet)Sammendrag
Blanding av hormon- hermende stoffer, som hver for seg er uskadelige i små doser, kan gi misdannelse av mannlige kjønnsorganer. Forskningsresultater fra Fødevareinstituttet i Danmark viser at en bør ta hensyn til cocktaileffekter ved risikovurdering av kjemiske stoffer. Fødevarestyrelsens stikkprøvekontroll i 2006 viser at nesten 1/3 av prøvene av frukt og grønt inneholdt rester av minst to sprøytemidler.
Sammendrag
Achieving multifunctionality on a parcel of land, or in a landscape as a whole, requires a delicate balance between the different functions. This is particularly so when one of the desired functions is agricultural production. This paper examines the special challenges involved when cultural landscapes are protected by law. Norwegian `Landscape Protection Areas` are intended to preserve the landscape character of special landscapes. Ideally these landscapes should preserve ecological functions, whilst at the same time allowing for recreation and tourism, and the economic returns to ensure continued use of the landscape in the future. Balancing these functions is fraught with difficulties. The former agricultural systems that shaped these cultural landscapes may no longer be viable from the perspective of food production, and biodiversity is notoriously bad at paying for itself. Are the farmers that own the land willing to take on new roles as landscape managers rather than food producers? And who will pay for this? We present results of a questionnaire to farmers that own or manage farmland in Landscape Protection Areas. Of the 893 respondents, almost a quarter claimed that their farm business had been negatively affected by landscape protection. Niche products or alternative income possibilities had not been realised. We found a generally negative attitude towards municipal authorities and 24 % of respondents were strongly against the establishment of new Landscape Protection Areas, even if the State paid compensation for their economic loss. Based on results of the study we suggest that major improvements to the protection system could be made simply by improving communication between management authorities and farmers and involving farmers in making management plans.
Sammendrag
Feltinstruksen inneholder retningslinjer, definisjoner og koder for jordsmonnkartlegginga ved Skog og landskap. Sammen med dokumentene "Norsk Referansesystem for jordsmonn" og "Seriedefinisjoner" utgjør den det skriftlige grunnlaget for feltarbeidet. Feltinstruksen bygger på tidligere retningslinjer for jordsmonnkartlegging og revideres jevnlig i tråd med endringer av klassifikasjonssystem og rutiner.
Sammendrag
Hovedformålet med kurset er å gi tilsatte i kommunene kunnskap om forvaltning og skjøtsel av kulturlandskapet
Forfattere
Liv Guri Velle Ann Norderhaug S. ØpstadSammendrag
Feral sheep in coastal heaths - developing sustainable agriculture in vulnerable cultural landscapes.
Forfattere
Nils VagstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ragnhild Nærstad Lars MøllerSammendrag
Three years trials with cyazofamid (Ranman plus the adjuvant Additive for Ranman) shows god effect against potato late blight compared to untreated. The effect against potato late blight has been on the same level as other tested fungicides with no significant difference. In 2008 Ranman has been tested in combination with two different dose rates of the adjuvant Renol. The two trials have shown good effect of Ranman in combination with Renol with no significant difference in control of late blight between the tested dose rates of Renol and no significant difference between the two adjuvants Renol and Additive for Ranman.
Forfattere
Lukas Gudmundsson Holger LangeSammendrag
Many time series analysis methods depend on equally spaced observations with no data point missing. If this condition is met, powerful techniques are available that identify temporal structures such as trends, periodic phenomena or nonlinear dynamics. Unfortunately, most observations of natural systems, in particular over longer periods of time such as decades, are prone to sampling errors leading to missing points in the observations. Singular System Analysis (SSA) is a powerful tool to extract the dynamics contained in time series at arbitrary temporal scales. In its original formulation, however, SSA relies as well on data without missing values. Recently several extensions to SSA have been proposed which are designed to fill the gaps, exploiting the dynamics contained in the sampled parts of the series to estimate the structure of the signal at the position of missing values. SSA consists of two steps: Decomposition and reconstruction. For the decomposition the time series under investigation is embedded into a trajectory matrix and decomposed with singular value decomposition. The reconstruction (of selected components) of the time series employs the left and right singular values to obtain additive components of the time series. In the original variant of SSA both steps are dependent on gap free data sets. In order to evaluate the power of SSA for time series with missing values we simulate 1000 series of different processes - ARMA(2,3) and red noise contaminated sine waves. Several gap–schemes (continuous, periodic, and uniformly distributed) are used to create time series with up to 50% (artificially) missing values. SSA is applied on all surrogate series. The decomposition as well as the reconstruction is compared systematically to the gap free benchmark. In addition we evaluate the ability of SSA to capture periodic phenomena in the presence of missing values and whether periodical gaps lead to the identification of spurious periods. We demonstrate that SSA successfully reproduces the signal part of time series (i.e. components with large eigenvalues) for up to 30% missing values. For less significant components with higher rank numbers, the presence of gaps is increasingly deleterious. A number of distributed smaller gaps, a situation most likely to occur in observations, spoils the analysis to a much lesser degree than a single large gap. Thus, these new variants of SSA substantially enlarge the set of observational time series amenable to the analysis, and allows for obtaining precise estimates of the signal at the position of missing data points.