Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Jørund Aasetre Vegard GundersenSammendrag
Almost 80 % of Norwegians live in urban areas, making urban forests highly valuable. The multitude of values assigned to those forests creates conceptual challenges, especially incorporating humanistic and existentialistic views of man. The aim of this presentation is to propose a value taxonomy for urban forests that takes such views of man into consideration, and to suggest how this can be useful to managers. Methodologically the taxonomy is developed through a literature review of environmental philosophical and recreation management literature, and then tested through qualitative interviews with selected stakeholder groups in urban forests near Trondheim, Bergen and Oslo. Through the literature review demand values, instrumental values and constitutive values were identified as key categories. Demand values are utilitarian values appreciated for their own sake, while instrumental values are valued as means to get other values. Such concepts are used in philosophy by Ariansen (1997) and psychology by Rokeach (1973). Constitutive values are genuine non-utility values contributing to our deep felt self understanding, often subdivided into ethical, cultural identity and religious – spiritual values. Introducing constitutive values may help avoiding the trap of the `commodity metaphor` in the often utilitarian oriented management literature...
Forfattere
Gunhild BørtnesSammendrag
Omtale av dyrking og bruk av solbærsalvie (Salvia grahamii), etasjeblomst (Monarda didyma), muskatsalvie (Salvia sclarea) og bukkehornskløver (Trigonella foenum-graecum).
Forfattere
Gunhild BørtnesSammendrag
Dyrking og bruk av solbærsalvie (Salvia grahamii), etasjeblomst (Monarda didyma), muskatsalvie (Salvia sclarea) og bukkehornskløver (trigonella foenum-graecum) i Norge.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Kristine Søvik Pål Tore MørkvedSammendrag
Constructed wetlands (CWs) in the agricultural landscape reduce non-point source pollution through removal of nutrients and particles. The objective of this study was to evaluate if measurements of natural abundance of 15NO3 " can be used to determine the fate of NO3 " in different types of small CWs treating agricultural runoff. Nitrogen removal was studied in wetland trenches filled with different filter materials (T1 " sand and gravel; T3 " mixture of peat, shell sand and light-weight aggregates; T8 " barley straw) and a trench formed as a shallow pond (T4). The removal was highest during summer and lowest during autumn and winter. Trench T8 had the highest N removal during summer. Measurements of the natural abundance of 15NinNO3 " showed that denitrificationwas not significant during autumn/winter, while it was present in all trenches during summer, but only important for nitrogen removal in trench T8. The 15N enrichment factors of NO3 " in this study ranged from"2.5 to "5.9"(T3 and T8, summer), thus smaller than enrichment factors found in laboratory tests of isotope discrimination in denitrification, but similar to factors found for denitrification in groundwater and a large CW. The low enrichment factors compared to laboratory studies was attributed to assimilation in plants/microbes as well as diffusion effect. Based on a modified version of the method presented by Lund et al. [Lund LJ, Horne AJ, Williams AE, Estimating denitrification in a large constructed wetland using stable nitrogen isotope ratios. Ecol Engineer 2000; 14: 67"76], denitrification and assimilation were estimated to account for 53 to 99 and 1 to 47%, respectively, of the total N removal during summer. This method is, however, based on a number of assumptions, and there is thus a need for a better knowledge of the effect of plant uptake, microbial assimilation as well as nitrification on N isotopic fractionation before this method can be used to evaluate the contribution of dinitrification in CWs.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
C Rahn K Zhang R Lillywhite C Ramos J de Paz J Doltra Hugh Riley M Fink C Nendel K Thorup-Kristensen A Pedersen F Piro A Venezia C Firth U Schmutz F RaynsSammendrag
The production of fresh vegetables within Europe relies on intensive rotations, supported by large inputs of nitrogen from fertiliser and organic sources which is required to maintain the yield and quality of produce demanded by the multiple retailers and their customers. Most field vegetable crops use nitrogen inefficiently and often leave large residues of nitrogen (either as unused fertiliser or crop debris) in the soil after harvest, which can potentially cause damage to soil, water and aerial environments. Funding from the EU Commission has enabled the development of a new computer model, EU-Rotate_N, which can be used to investigate the fate of nitrogen supplied to rotations of field vegetable crops. EU-Rotate_N was used to examine the effects of applying existing codes of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) on the economic and environmental performance of several case study rotations in Europe. In some cases, following GAP, led to significant reductions in N losses without affecting the farmer"s gross margin but in others reduced gross margin without reducing N losses significantly. This paper will briefly describe the development of the model and will present the results of several case studies to show the effects of applying GAP on the performance of horticultural rotations.
Sammendrag
In the last few decades, it has been noted that the epiphytic lichen Usnea longissima appears to be declining in numbers throughout its previous distribution range in Scandinavia. Up until now, clearcutting forestry has been considered the main threat to its persistence. Suspecting that other threats also may be at work, we studied the fate of 20 U. longissima localities in undisturbed forest stands, surveyed in 1994–95 and subsequently in 2003–04, in the Nordmarka region, north of Oslo, Norway. Yearly λ was calculated to be 0.94 (95% CI = 0.91-0.97), both with respect to number of trees bearing the lichen and total number of thalli per locality. This corresponds to a 10-year decline of 46%, or a half-life of 11 years. No new establishments were recorded. Now being listed as Endangered (EN) in the revised Norwegian Redlist of 2006, all known localities will be protected from major forestry operations. However, without knowledge of additional threat sources, its future possibility for survival looks bleak. Possible negative factors are discussed, including air pollution, increasing tree canopy closure, inter-specific competition, and genetic depauperation.
Forfattere
Arne HermansenSammendrag
Utfordringen plantesjukdommer og produksjon av kvalitetsløk
Forfattere
Nils VagstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag