Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Åsmund AsdalSammendrag
Potet er verdens tredje viktigste matplante. Bare hvete og ris dyrkes i større mengder enn potet, men ingen matplante dyrkes i flere land enn poteten. Poteten har et stort uutnyttet potensiale og gir muligheter til å skaffe verdens økende befolkning nok mat og sunn mat i årene som kommer. FN og FAO (Verdensorganisasjonen for mat og landbruk) har proklamert 2008 som Det internasjonale potetåret. The International Year of the Potato (IYP) vil bli markert verden over, og formålet er å fokusere på potetens betydning for ernæring og verdens matvareforsyning.
Forfattere
Johannes DeelstraSammendrag
Foredraget handlet om hvilke problemr vi står overfor når det gjelder det å produsere nok mat. Hvordan skjer vanning, hvilke forskjellige metoder som finnes, hva er vannbehovet, hvilke forbedringer innenfor vanningssystemer, hvilke problemer når knappe vannressurser, vannforurensning, hvordan å fordele vannet innefor landesgrenser men også mellom land
Forfattere
Alhaji JengSammendrag
The presentation addressed the critical energy issues affecting the world today, with special reference to sub-Saharan Africa. The impacts of fossil energy consumption on climate change, the search for alternative sources of energy, and how this affects food security in Africa south of the Sahara were addressed. The lecture concluded with policies which African governments should adopt to escape the negative impacts of biofuel production.
Forfattere
Tore Einar Sveistrup Vera Marcelino Bent C. BraskerudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
T. E. Sveistrup V Marcelino B.C. BraskerudSammendrag
Tidligere studier har vist at små konstruerte fangdammer er mer effektive som sedimentasjonsbasseng for erosjonsmateriale enn hva som forventes ut fra beregninger basert på sedimentasjonstid. Det har blitt antatt at det skyldes at sedimenteringen skjer i form av aggregater. Denne mikroskopstudien av tynnslip laget av uforstyrra prøver av fangdamsedimenter bekrefter at fin silt og leir gjenfinnes i aggregater. Aggregatene fra fangdamssedimentene hadde samme mineralogiske sammensetning som matjord fra tilstøtende landbruksareal, men de var mer avrundet, noe som tyder på nedsliping gjennom transport. For å hindre nedbryting av aggregater bør fangdammer bygges nærmest mulig der erosjonen finner sted. For å kunne gi en riktig vurdering av fangdammers effektivitet, må tilstedeværelsen av aggregater tas i betraktning. Kornfordelingsanalyser hvor dispergering av leirfraksjonen er en del av prepareringaprosedyren, er ikke egnet til å gi data for beregning av hvor mye fin silt og leir som tilbakeholdes i fangdammer.
Sammendrag
På seinsommaren 2008 vart bladskimmel for første gong påvist i lisespringfrø (Impatiens walleriana) i Noreg. Sjukdomen fører til misvekst, bladgulning, knopp og bladfall. Store angrep er registrert i Oslo og Bergen. Mikroskop-studium og molekylære analysar tilseier at det er arten Plasmopara obducens som har gitt skaden
Sammendrag
På seinsommaren 2008 vart bladskimmel for første gong påvist i lisespringfrø (Impatiens walleriana) i Noreg. Sjukdomen fører til misvekst, bladgulning, knopp- og bladfall. Store åtak er registrert i grøntanlegg og privathagar i Oslo og Bergen.
Forfattere
jihong liu clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sissel Haugslien Dag-Ragnar Blystad Merete Wiken Dees Shaochen Xing Roar MoeSammendrag
Abstract Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotzsch), is a contemporary symbol of Christmas in most parts of the world. Today, Europe and North America represent the largest volume of production and sales, but demand is growing quickly in the other regions as poinsettia becomes more popular each year. In Norway, poinsettia is one of the most important pot plants, with a yearly production close to 6 million plants. Its ornamental value and innovation potential have laid the foundation for extensive research in Norway and elsewhere. Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV) can cause diseases in modern poinsettia cultivars. PnMV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the family Tymoviridae. Infection of poinsettia plants with PnMV results in mosaic symptoms during parts of the growing season, which in turn decreases the commercial value of this ornamental plant. Thus, growers are interested in the potential benefits of growing PnMV-free poinsettias. PnMV-free poinsettia plants can be obtained by heat treatment or in vitro culture of apical meristems, which are time-consuming and cost-ineffective methods. There is a need for a new and effective alternative approach, like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, which can overcome these difficulties. Therefore, we have developed an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach for poinsettia for the first time. Internode stem explants of poinsettia cv. Millenium were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain LBA 4404, harbouring three hairpin (hp) RNA gene constructs to induce RNA silencing-mediated resistance to Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV). Prior to transformation, an efficient somatic embryogenesis system was developed for poinsettia cv. Millenium in which about 75 % of the explants produced somatic embryos. In five experiments utilizing 868 explants, 18 independent transgenic lines were generated. Stable integration of transgenes into the poinsettia nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Both single- and multiple-copy transgene integration into the poinsettia genome were detected among transformants. Northern blot analysis confirmed the production of transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Transgenic lines showing resistance to mechanical inoculation of PnMV were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA). The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methodology developed in the current study should facilitate improvement of this ornamental plant with enhanced disease resistance, quality improvement and desirable colour alteration. Because poinsettia is a non-food, non-feed plant and is not propagated through sexual reproduction, this is likely to be more acceptable even in areas where genetically modified crops are currently not cultivated.
Forfattere
Jihong Liu Clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sissel Haugslien Shaochen Xing Merete Dees Roar Moe Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotzsch) is reported here for the first time. Internode stem explants of poinsettia cv. Millenium were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain LBA 4404, harbouring virus-derived hairpin (hp) RNA gene constructs to induce RNA silencing-mediated resistance to Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV). Prior to transformation, an efficient somatic embryogenesis system was developed for poinsettia cv. Millenium in which about 75% of the explants produced somatic embryos. In 5 experiments utilizing 868 explants, 18 independent transgenic lines were generated. An average transformation frequency of 2.1% (range 1.2-3.5%) was revealed. Stable integration of transgenes into the poinsettia nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Both single- and multiple-copy transgene integration into the poinsettia genome were found among transformants. Transgenic poinsettia plants showing resistance to mechanical inoculation of PnMV were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Northern blot analysis of low molecular weight RNA revealed that transgene-derived small interfering (si) RNA molecules were detected among the poinsettia transformants prior to inoculation. The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methodology developed in the current study should facilitate improvement of this ornamental plant with enhanced disease resistance, quality improvement and desirable colour alteration. Because poinsettia is a non-food, non-feed plant and is not propagated through sexual reproduction, this is likely to be more acceptable even in areas where genetically modified crops are currently not cultivated.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon Sivertsen Josef Eitzinger Sabina Thaler Simone Orlandini Pavol Nejedlik Valentin Kazandjiev Visnja Vucetic Dragutin Mihailovic Branislava Lalic Emmanuel Tsiros Nicolas R. Dalezios Andreja Susnik K. Christian Kersebaum Nicholas M. Holden Robin MatthewsSammendrag
During the past decades, in connection with the development of computers, many new software tools were developed to be used for agricultural research as well as for decision making. For example, crop and whole farm system modelling, pest and disease warning models/algorithms, models for irrigation scheduling or agroclimatic indices can help farmers significantly in decision-making for crop management options and related farm technologies. In research models can be used to simulate and analyse the complex connections in the soil-plant-atmosphere system for example in the important field of climate change impacts on agricultural production. All these modelled systems and their interactions include however many different kind of uncertainties and limitations, such as trends in technology and human activities, models representation of reality, lack of knowledge on system responses or lack of calibration data. Much research was done worldwide in the field of model development, model improvements or model comparisons. The aims of Working group 1 of COST734 was a review and assessment of agroclimatic indices and simulation models relevant for various European agricultural activities. The results of an europeanwide survey are presented in this study. It includes an overview of most used agrometeorological or agroclimatic indices and process oriented crop models for operational as well as scientific applications, an analysis of the limitations for applications and an overview of spatial applications in combination with GIS and remote sensing in Europe.