Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nils VagstadSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingrid Holtsmark Dimitris Mantzilas Vincent Eijsink May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
The Gram-positive plant pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is the causal agent of potato ring rot, a wide-spread disease that causes huge economical losses. One strategy that may aid in gaining control of the disease is the development of agents that specifically inhibit growth of the pathogen. In this work, narrow-spectered antimicrobial substances that are secreted by the closely related tomato pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, have been purified and studied. These antimicrobials exert growth inhibitory activity against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, and may become useful as control agents in the battle against the potato pathogen. The antimicrobial substances include a 14 kDa bacteriocin, a 2145 Da type B lantibiotic, and a series of non-proteinaceous antibiotics with molecular masses around 800-900 Da, putatively belonging to the tunicamycin family. The lantibiotic peptide, michiganin A, resembles actagardine, which is a type B lantibiotic produced by the actinomycete Actinoplanes liguriae. Both these peptides share traits with mersacidin, a well-known type B lantibiotic, including a conserved residue that is thought to be important for the antimicrobial activity of mersacidin.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Randi Therese Garmo Adam Dunstan Martin Adam Dunstan Martin Erling Thuen Øystein Havrevoll Håvard Steinshamn Egil Prestløkken Åshild T. Randby Åshild T. Randby Margrete Eknæs Andres Waldmann Olav ReksenSammendrag
Progesterone profiles in Norwegian Red cows were categorized, and associations between the occurrence of irregularities in the profiles and the commencement of luteal activity were investigated. The cows were managed in 3 feeding trials from 1994 to 2001 and from 2005 to 2008 at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. The cows were followed from calving, and the milk samples collected represented 502 lactations from 302 cows. Milk samples for progesterone analysis were taken 3 times weekly from 1994 throughout 1998 and from 2005 to 2008 and 2 times weekly from 1999 to 2001. Commencement of luteal activity was defined as the first day of 2 consecutive measurements of progesterone concentration >= 3 ng/mL not earlier than 10 d after calving. Delayed ovulation type I was defined as consistently low progesterone concentration, <3 ng/mL for >= 50 d postpartum. Delayed ovulation type II was defined as prolonged interluteal interval with milk progesterone measurements <3 ng/mL for >= 12 d between 2 luteal phases. Persistent corpus luteum (PCL) type I was defined as delayed luteolysis with milk progesterone >= 3 ng/mL for >= 19 d during the first estrous cycle postpartum. Persistent corpus luteum type II was defined as delayed luteolysis with milk progesterone >= 3 ng/mL for >= 19 d during subsequent estrous cycles before first artificial insemination. Delayed ovulation type I was present in 14.7%, delayed ovulation type II in 2.8%, PCL type I in 6.7%, and PCL type II in 3.3% of the profiles. Commencement of luteal activity was related to milk yield, parity, PCL type I, and the summated occurrence of PCL type I and II. The least squares means for the interval to commencement of luteal activity were 24.2 d when PCL type I and II were present and 29.5 d when PCL type I and II were absent. The likelihood of pregnancy to first service was not affected in cows with a history of PCL when artificial insemination was carried out at progesterone concentrations <3 ng/mL (i.e., during estrus); however, cows that had experienced PCL were more likely to be inseminated during a luteal phase. The occurrence of delayed ovulation and PCL in Norwegian Red cows was less than that reported in most other dairy populations.
Sammendrag
The CO2 uptake of the terrestrial biosphere (Gross Primary Productivity, GPP) plays a key role in the global carbon balance. This carbon flux cannot be determined directly on a global scale. Yet, the remotely sensed Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) is a valuable proxy for GPP. This study aims at characterizing global FAPAR dynamics on different temporal scales and extracting corresponding spatial structures. The time series were analyzed to uncover the presence and extent of trends, and to identify quasi-oscillatory patterns from intra- to interannual time scales....
Forfattere
Carl Einar AmundsenSammendrag
The use of AFFFs containing perfluoroctansulphonate (PFOS) was banned in Norway in 2007, but the knowledge on how these compounds are spread in the environment during the last 20-30 years are very limited. To investigate if the terrestrial and aquatic environments at previous and active training facilities are affected by PFOS and other, Norwegian State Pollution Control Authorities SFT has taken the initiative of carrying out environmental screening at four selected fire training facilities in Norway.The concentrations of PFCs found in most soils in the vicinity of the investigated training facilities exceed the proposed Norwegian guideline value for PFOS in soil (100 ng/g). Exposing earthworms to soils from the four fire training facilities in this project resulted in mean bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for 6:2 FTS, PFOS and PFOA of 2.4 (0.76-6.7), 2.6 (0.49-6.4) and 5.9 (0.31-14.0), respectively.This investigation shows that continued fire training over years locally has resulted in quite severe contamination with PFOS, in particular, but also with other PFCs in the environment. High mobility in some soils (sandy soils), high bioaccumulation potential of some PFCs, make these contaminants an environmental risk that should be further assessed
Forfattere
Jorunn BørveSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
A catchment provides ecosystem data along with (relatively) simple, operationally defined boundaries. In addition runoff is an integrated measure of the hydrochemical ecosystem response, which can be represented by fluxes at the weir. Integration at the weir occurs first of all with respect to spatial scales. Almost all fluid output leaves a (tight) catchment at this point. Evaluation of the runoff dynamics (quantity and quality) is primarily concerned with temporal scales. The Lange Bramke catchment study with its four runoff series from forested catchments (spring and weir at Lange Bramke, weirs at Dicke Bramke and Steile Bramke) provides an exceptionally comprehensive data set. The following scales and processes can be considered, when interpreting temporal variations in runoff data: above the time scale of forest rotation (species composition, biomass accumulation, timber export, soil nutrient pools) at decadal time scales up to a full forest rotation of about 100-120 years (changes in forest growth rate, changes in deposition, climate change, insect outbreaks) at annual time scales (uptake, transpiration) at hourly to weekly time scales of hydrological events (precipitation, runoff, dilution effects of solvents).