Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
The furfurylation process is an extensively investigated wood modification process. Furfuryl alcohol molecules penetrate into the wood cell wall and polymerize in situ. This results in a permanent swelling of the wood cell walls. It is unclear whether or not chemical bonds exist between the furfuryl alcohol polymer and the wood. In the present study, five different wood species were used, both hardwoods and softwoods. They were treated with three different furfurylation procedures and leached according to three different leaching methods. The present study shows that, in general, the leachates from furfurylated wood have low toxicity. It also shows that the choice of leaching method is decisive for the outcome of the toxicity results. Earlier studies have shown that leachates from wood treated with furfuryl alcohol prepolymers have higher toxicity to Vibrio fischeri than leachates from wood treated with furfuryl alcohol monomers. This is probably attributable to differences in leaching of chemical compounds. The present study shows that this difference in the toxicity most likely cannot be attributed to maleic acid, furan, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, or 2-furoic acid. However, the difference might be caused by the two substances 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2,5-furandimethanol. The present study found no difference in the amount of leached furfuryl alcohol between leachates from furfurylated softwood and furfurylated hardwood species. Earlier studies have indicated differences in grafting of furfuryl alcohol to lignin. However, nothing was found in the present study that could support this. The leachates of furfurylated wood still need to be investigated further to identify the chemical differences between wood furfurylated with furfuryl alcohol monomers and furfuryl alcohol prepolymers.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Kunnskap om hvordan vann, partikler (SS), fosfor (P) og nitrogen (N) fordeler seg på grøfte- og overflateavrenning i norske jordbruksarealer er nødvendig for å kunne si noe om effekter av tiltak mot landbruksforurensing. Denne rapporten presenterer en sammenstilling av data med lange måleserier for å øke forståelsen av transportveier og kvantifisere fordelingen mellom grøfte- og overflatevann. Data for ti småfelter og rutefelter med målinger av SS, P og N i avrenning i både grøfte- og overflatevann over en lengre tidsperiode er sammenstilt. Feltene ligger i Trøndelag og på Østlandet, og har varierende størrelse, topografi, jordsmonn, dreneringsintensitet, klima og drift. I middel over feltenes totale måleperiode skjedde 47-91 % av avrenningen via grøftene. Fordeling av N-tap var nært knyttet til fordeling av vann, og 68-97 % av N-tapet skjedde via grøftene. For SS- og P-tap var variasjonen mellom felter stor: 5-95 % av SS-tapet skjedde via grøftene, og 11-91 % av P-tapet. I tillegg er variasjon mellom år og sesongvariasjon innen enkeltfelter diskutert, samt effekter av jordarbeiding, vekst og gjødsling.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten er laget på bakgrunn av arbeid med prosjektet "Reduced pesticide loads and risks in cropping systems (REDUCE)". Hensikten har vært å studere endringer i risikoen for utvasking av plantevernmidler og fosfor som følge av jordart og forskjellig driftsform. Uforstyrra jordsøyler ble tatt ut på fire ulike lokaliteter to påfølgende år, på høsten 2008 og på høsten 2009.
Sammendrag
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and especially its heartwood is one of the most common construction materials for general outer use e.g. windows or facades in northern Europe. It is considered being use class 3 and is according to EN 350-2 \"not treatable\". Reports from industry and researchers indicate that the heartwood treatability is not uniform. It is still unclear what causes these differences. To increase its durability by means of impregnation would be a contribution to extend the use of both a natural and native material. The understanding of a potential pattern analog to latitudinal/longitudinal origin or other forest or wood properties could help to improve the impregnation by better material selection. Scots pine samples from 25 different sites in 6 countries in northern Europe have been collected throughout autumn and winter 2009/2010. A circle of varying size containing approximately 30 trees was set up in a representative site of each stand. All diameters were measured and arranged in three classes. Three trees of each class were chosen randomly. Only the middle and upper diameter classes were used for studying heartwood permeability. The small diameter class had insufficient heartwood width to be processed. Samples of 20 x 20 x 50 mm were cut and conditioned in a climate chamber. The samples were impregnated with a water-soluble monomer furfuryl alcohol solution in a standard pressure/vacuum process. Results showed a generally low permeability but a few samples had an unexpected high ration of filling. Further on, the samples with the highest and lowest treatability will undergo anatomical and chemical tests to explain these properties.
Forfattere
Eivind Vangdal M. Vanoli P.Eccher Zerbini S. Jacob A. Torricelli L. SpinelliSammendrag
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Forfattere
M Vanoli S Jacob P Eccher Zerbini Eivind Vangdal A Torricelli L SpinelliSammendrag
In plum fruit with dark red or blue blush colour covering the whole fruit, the change in ground colour from green to yellow during maturation and ripening is masked. Hence, the maturity stage is difficult to judge. Time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) has been used as a nondestructive method to assess changes in important internal quality factors in ‘Jubileum" plums (Prunus domestica L.). Absorption coefficients (μa) and scattering coefficients (μs) were measured at both 670 and 758 nm during 5 days of storage. The changes in soluble solids content, titratable acidity and firmness were as expected. No change in soluble solids content was observed, while the plums became less acid and softer during storage. The TRSmeasurements of plums indicated that TRS could give interesting information on internal quality factors in plums as the absorption at 670 nm was closely related to firmness, TA and TSS at the time of picking. Absorption at 758 nm was more closely related to the quality parameters after storage. The study did not indicate that scattering could be used in assessing maturity stage in plum.
Forfattere
Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
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