Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Anders Ruus Norman Whitaker Green Amund Måge Carl Amundsen Merete Schøyen Jens SkeiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Modified wood can provide protection against a range of wood deteriorating organisms. But we still lack information about why the modified wood is protected from microbial attack. Several hypotheses have been put forward for the mode of action against wood decaying fungi, including inhibition of action of specific enzymes, but they still need further testing. In this study gene expression of the brown rot fungus Postia placenta FPRL 280 has been monitored after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of colonization in furfurylated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and in untreated control samples. Preliminary results are given. The main finding was that genes related to oxidative metabolic activity generally was higher in furfurylated wood compared to untreated Scots pine. Carbohydrate metabolism related expression varied. For one endo-glucanase and two β-glucosidases the expression was lower in furfurylated wood compared to untreated control, while for one glucoamylase and one glucan 1,3b glucosidase the expression was higher in furfurylated wood. The four cytochrome P450 tested, involved in breakdown of toxic compounds, gave inconsistent results between furfurylated and untreated control samples. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cytosolic oxaloacetase gave higher expression in control than in furfurylated samples.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Kari SkjånesSammendrag
Green microalgae can be used for a number of commercial applications, including health food for human consumption, aquaculture and animal feed, coloring agents, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Several products from green algae that are in use today, consist of metabolites which can be extracted from the algal biomass. The most well known examples are the carotenoids astaxanthin and Β-carotene, which are used as coloring agents and for health promoting purposes. Many species of green algae are able to produce valuable components for different uses, examples are antioxidants, several different carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, anticancer and antiviral drugs. In many cases these components are secondary metabolites which are produced when the algae are exposed for stress conditions like for example nutrient deprivation, light intensity, temperature, salinity, pH and other. In other cases the components have been detected in algae grown under optimal conditions, and little is known about how an optimal production of each product could be induced and how their production would react to stress conditions. Some green algae have shown the ability to produce significant amounts of hydrogen gas during sulfur deprivation, a process which is currently extensively studied. At the moment, the majority of research in this field has focused on the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but other species of green algae have also showed this ability. Currently there is scarce information available regarding the possibility for producing hydrogen and other valuable components in the same process. This study explores stress conditions which are known to induce production of the different valuable products in comparison with stress reactions leading to hydrogen production. Wild type species of green microalgae with ability to produce hydrogen during anaerobic conditions, and during sulfur deprivation are compared to species with known ability to produce high amounts of certain valuable metabolites. . This information is explored in order to form a basis for selection of wild type species for a future multidiciplinary process, where hydrogen production from solar energy is combined with production of valuable metabolites and other commercial uses of the algal biomass.
Sammendrag
Increasing nitrogen-use efficiency in agriculture decreases N2O emissions. We wanted to investigate whether intensification of animal production by use of imported feed might improve the nitrogen-use efficiency of agriculture. Based on a review of published surveys of dairy farms, we concluded that where production is based on the local feed production, N-use efficiency is very high. Farms that combine grazing with their own hay/silage production for the winter period are highly nitrogen efficient.
Sammendrag
Growth, death and N dynamics of leaves, stolons and roots of harvested and unharvested white clover (cv.""Snowy"") were studied in a pot (Sturite et al., 2006) and a combined plot and root window experiment in southeast Norway (Sturite et al., 2007). Leaves of undisturbed plants contained 1.5 g N pot-1 or 6 g N m-2 in late autumn (roughly assuming 4 plants m-2). About 60% of the leaves turned over within the growing season. Thus, in an established, undisturbed white clover stand, leaf turnover would contribute 9 g N m-2 during the growing season. For stolon and root segments tagged during the first growing season, 100% and 91%, respectively, were still present in late autumn. By the end of the second growing season, the corresponding values were 77% and 46%. Thus, dead stolons and roots contributed substantially more to N deposition in the soil in the second than in the first growing season. If taking the turnover of all plant organs into account, the gross N input to the soil-plant system during the two growing seasons would amount to 63 g N m-2. This corresponded to a 2.5-fold increase over the total N in the shoots harvested during the same period.
Forfattere
ievina Sturite Trond Maukon Henriksen Tor Arvid BrelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
ievina Sturite Trond Maukon Henriksen Tor Arvid BrelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
ievina Sturite Trond Maukon Henriksen Tor Arvid BrelandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lars NesheimSammendrag
Ved produksjon av potetsprit vert det att eit flytande biprodukt som vert kalla drank. Dranken inneheld alle dei stoffa i poteta som ikkje er gjæra til alkohol. Praktiske erfaringar har vist at potetdrank er eit smakeleg fôr som kan være rekningssvarande å utnytte i mjølkeproduksjonen. I eit forprosjekt er det tatt ut prøver av drank og resultata er drøfta i høve til tidlegare analysar og resultat av fôringsforsøk. Ein har gjennomført samtalar med forskarar, rådgjevarar og bønder om fordelar og utfordringar med bruk av drank. Det er også foreslått kva ein bør gripe fatt i dersom det er aktuelt med ei oppfølging av forprosjektet.