Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2018
Sammendrag
In temperate forests, red wood ants (Formica aquilonia) are considered ecosystem engineers affecting ecosystem properties and functions. Possible effects of F. aquilonia ants on species communities of invertebrates and plants were studied in the pine-dominated Geitaknottane forest reserve, Norway. Species richness of carabids, lichens and epiphytes (tree-living lichens and bryophytes) was negatively affected by ant mound density. Species of all groups, except for lichens and snails, were affected either positively or negatively by ant presence. Food availability and interference competition are plausible explanations of decreased species richness and negative species associations in carabids; while collecting, foraging and changed chemical environment may explain decreased species richness in lichens and epiphytes. Thirteen out of 15 plant and invertebrate species were weakly associated with ant mound density. Associations of only two species (Carabus violaceus and Drusilla canaliculata) were negative, while Pella humeralis and Agroeca proxima were associated positively and very strongly with ant mounds. Positive associations with ants of those invertebrates may be a response to excessive abundance of food and chemical mimicry.
Forfattere
Yngve RekdalSammendrag
Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi utførte sommaren 2017 vegetasjonskartlegging av beiteområdet til Marsjødrifta beitelag i Folldal kommune. Samla areal var 114 km². Kartlegginga er gjort etter instruks for kartlegging i målestokk 1:20 000 - 50 000 (VK50). Det er laga vegetasjonskart og 2 avleia temakart for beite for sau og storfe. Denne rapporten beskriv metode for kartlegging, registrerte vegetasjonstypar og deira fordeling i området. Det er gjeve ein omtale av beiteverdi og beitekapasitet, samt nokre råd kring skjøtsel av kulturlandskap og beite i kartområdet.
Forfattere
Yngve RekdalSammendrag
Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi utførte sommaren 2017 vegetasjonskartlegging i sørdelen av Rennebu kommune. Samla areal var 219 km². Kartlegginga er gjort etter instruks for kartlegging i målestokk 1:20 000 - 50 000 (VK50). Det er laga vegetasjonskart og 2 avleia temakart for beite for sau og storfe. Denne rapporten beskriv metode for kartlegging, registrerte vegetasjonstypar og deira fordeling i området. Det er gjeve ein omtale av beiteverdi og beitekapasitet, samt nokre råd kring skjøtsel av kulturlandskap og beite i kartområdet.
Forfattere
Yuanyuan Feng Michael Roleda Evelyn Armstrong Cliff S. Law Philip W. Boyd Catriona L. HurdSammendrag
A series of semi-continuous incubation experiments were conducted with the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain NIWA1108 (Southern Ocean isolate) to examine the effects of five environmental drivers (nitrate and phosphate concentrations, irradiance, temperature, and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2// on both the physiological rates and elemental composition of the coccolithophore. Here, we report the alteration of the elemental composition of E. huxleyi in response to the changes in these environmental drivers. A series of dose–response curves for the cellular elemental composition of E. huxleyi were fitted for each of the five drivers across an environmentally representative gradient. The importance of each driver in regulating the elemental composition of E. huxleyi was ranked using a semiquantitative approach. The percentage variations in elemental composition arising from the change in each driver between present-day and model-projected conditions for the year 2100 were calculated. Temperature was the most important driver controlling both cellular particulate organic and inorganic carbon content, whereas nutrient concentrations were the most important regulator of cellular particulate nitrogen and phosphorus of E. huxleyi. In contrast, elevated pCO2 had the greatest influence on cellular particulate inorganic carbon to organic carbon ratio, resulting in a decrease in the ratio. Our results indicate that the different environmental drivers play specific roles in regulating the elemental composition of E. huxleyi with wide-reaching implications for coccolithophore-related marine biogeochemical cycles, as a consequence of the regulation of E. huxleyi physiological processes.
Forfattere
Dainé Hernández-Ochandia Mayra G. Rodríguez-Hernández Ileana Miranda-Cabrera Ernesto Moreno-León Iván Castro-Lizazo Belkis Peteira Delgado-Oramas Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el factor de reproducción (FR) de Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid y White) Chitwood y el efecto nocivo del nematodo sobre parámetros seleccionados del desarrollo de las plantas de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar ‛Cuba Cueto 25-9’. El experimento se realizó, en condiciones semicontroladas, durante 35 días, con niveles poblacionales iniciales (Pi) de 1,5; 2,5 y 5 juveniles de segundo estadio (J2) y huevos del nematodo por gramo de sustrato y plantas de frijol sin nematodos (testigos). Se determinó el Factor de Reproducción (FR) del nematodo y en la planta se evaluaron el Índice de Agallamiento (IA), la altura de las plantas, el diámetro del tallo, el número de hojas, flores y legumbres. Los datos se analizaron y compararon (ANOVA, Duncan (p<0,05)) y la relación entre la altura de las plantas y Pi se determinó a través de análisis de regresión, empleando el Paquete Estadístico SAS, Versión 9.0. El nematodo parasitó y se reprodujo en el cultivar de frijol ‛CC- 25-9’ con valores de FR=1,6; 6,1 y 6,2 y del IA=3; 3,6 y 3,8 en los niveles de Pi=1,5; 2,5 y 5 J2-huevos x gramo de sustrato-1, respectivamente. Con el incremento de la Pi del nematodo se redujo, significativamente, la altura de las plantas del cultivar ‛CC 25-9’ (R2=0.70). El nematodo produjo disminuciones, no significativas, del diámetro del tallo, número de hojas, flores y legumbres; sin embargo, se evidenció una tendencia a que los mayores valores de los parámetros evaluados se presentaron en las plantas sanas. Se discute la importancia de utilizar plantas de la misma familia al momento de evaluar resistencia/susceptibilidad de cultivares frente a Meloidogyne spp.
Forfattere
Monica Suarez Korsnes Reinert KorsnesSammendrag
Long-term video-based tracking of single A549 lung cancer cells exposed to three different concentrations of the marine toxin yessotoxin (YTX) reveals significant variation in cytotoxicity, and it confirms the potential genotoxic effects of this toxin. Tracking of single cells subject to various toxic exposure, constitutes a conceptually simple approach to elucidate lineage correlations and sub-populations which are masked in cell bulk analyses. The toxic exposure can here be considered as probing a cell population for properties and change which may include long-term adaptation to treatments. Ranking of pedigree trees according to a measure of “size,” provides definition of sub-populations. Following single cells through generations indicates that signaling cascades and experience of mother cells can pass to their descendants. Epigenetic factors and signaling downstream lineages may enhance differences between cells and partly explain observed heterogeneity in a population. Signaling downstream lineages can potentially link a variety of observations of cells making resulting data more suitable for computerized treatment. YTX exposure of A549 cells tends to cause two main visually distinguishable classes of cell death modalities (“apoptotic-like” and “necrotic-like”) with approximately equal frequency. This special property of YTX enables estimation of correlation between cell death modalities for sister cells indicating impact downstream lineages. Hence, cellular responses and adaptation to treatments might be better described in terms of effects on pedigree trees rather than considering cells as independent entities.
Forfattere
Jens Peter Skovsgaard Jacob Johan Mohr Markmann Giulia Attocchi Bruce TalbotSammendrag
The objective of this study was to establish an operational model of productive work time per tree (work efficiency) for high-pruning of young European beech and pedunculate oak depending on tree species, pruning height, branch characteristics, pole saw type and operator. The final model included all of these independent variables with branch characteristics specified in terms of number of live branches and cross-sectional area of the thickest branch at the cut. Work time increased with increasing values of each of the three numeric variables. For a given pruning height the size of the largest branch was for all practical purposes more influential than the number of live branches. Beech took 28% longer to prune than oak. The German Ergo-Schnitt saw was 21% slower than the Japanese Silky Hayauchi saw. The variation in worker performance within our study was larger than that attributed to tree species and pruning equipment.
Sammendrag
We examined the influence of fertigation on vegetative and generative parameters of strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and evaluated rapid analysing tools for N and K in leaf tissue. The experiments were undertaken in an open polytunnel on “table top” with ‘Sonata’ and ‘Korona’ grown in 2-L pots filled with a peat-based soil mixture. The experimental design was a randomized plot with three replications. Plants were fertigated with EC levels of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mS cm-1, based on two stock solutions of 7.5 kg YaraLiva™ Calcinit and 7.5 kg Kristalon™ Indigo, both dissolved in 100 L of water. Percentage N and K in leaves differed between analysing methods, cultivars, EC and date. We found interactions between the cultivar and EC level and between date and cultivar for N and K in leaf. Analysing NO3- by a photometric method (PM) in a lab, and by Laqua twin (LT), showed significant interaction with N% of leaf dry matter (DM) only for LT (r2=0.36). N% increased with higher EC level, more for ‘Korona’ than for ‘Sonata’. LT K+ did not correlate with K% (r2=0.014). The number of crowns and runners increased for both cultivars up to EC 1.5, while the number of leaves was unaffected. Petioles were the shortest at the lowest EC. Flower initiation was earlier at low EC in both cultivars. In the following spring, the time to flowering and first harvest was reduced with the decreasing EC. The number of flowers per plant increased up to EC 1.5, but dropped strongly at EC 2.0 for ‘Korona’, while ‘Sonata’ had a gradual increase of flowers with the increasing EC, but the number was only a third of ‘Korona’, except at EC 2.0, where the amount was equal for both cultivars. The conclusion can be drawn that LT correlated better than ChlDualex with N in strawberry leaves. However, r2 was only 0.36 indicating that LT NO3- is a coarse management tool. LT K+ was not a promising tool for rapid K+ test in these experiments. ‘Korona’ seemed to benefit of higher N levels for both vegetative growth and generative development than ‘Sonata’ up to EC 1.5, but ‘Sonata’ reached a higher floral primordia development stage in early October.
Forfattere
Sigrun Hjalmarsdottir Kværnø Stein Turtumøygard Alexander Melvold Engebretsen Torsten StarkloffSammendrag
På oppdrag fra vannområdet Bunnefjorden med Årungen- og Gjersjøvassdraget (PURA) er den empiriske modellen Agricat 2 brukt til å beregne potensialet for erosjon og fosforavrenning fra jordbruksarealer i 16 tiltaksområder, ved faktisk drift i 2017. Arealfordelingen av faktisk drift (vekst, jordarbeiding og miljøtiltak) i 2017, har framkommet av registerdata fra Landbruksdirektoratet og føringer/informasjon fra Follo Landbrukskontor, og er fordelt på de dyrka arealene etter bestemte rutiner i modellen. Arealfordelingsrutinen i modellen ga følgende utbredelse av kombinasjon vekst/jordarbeiding i vannområdet for 2017: 31 % stubb (jordarbeiding vår eller direktesåing), 14 % gras, 38 % vårkorn med høstpløying, 4 % høstkorn med høstpløying, 10 % høstharving til vår- og høstkorn, og 3 % poteter og grønnsaker. Den største forskjellen fra 2016 var mindre høstkornareal og større areal med stubb og høstpløying med vårkorn i 2017. Arealfordelingen varierte mellom tiltaksområder. Eksisterende grasdekte buffersoner og fangdammer inngikk også i beregningene. Jord- og fosfortap i vannområdet PURA i 2017 ble beregnet til henholdsvis 4,3 kilotonn SS og 8,6 tonn TP, dvs. på samme nivå som i 2014 og 2015, og litt lavere enn i 2016. For individuelle tiltaksområder varierte jordtapet fra nær 0 til 2 kilotonn, og fosfortap fra nær 0 til knapt 4 tonn. I fem tiltaksområder var fosfortapet noe økt i 2017 sammenliknet med i 2016, i resten av tiltaksområdene var fosfortapet redusert eller tilnærmet uendret. Endret drift bidro til å forklare forskjellene.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag