Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ulrike Bayr Annette Bär Hanne Sickel Kristin Daugstad Synnøve Grenne Svein Olav Krøgli Kari Straume EnerstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Randi Berland FrøsethSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Konstantin V. Krutovsky Anna A. Popova Igor A. Yakovlev Yulai A. Yanbaev Sergey M. MatveevSammendrag
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is widely distributed across Europe and serves critical ecological, economic, and recreational functions. Investigating its responses to stressors such as drought, extreme temperatures, pests, and pathogens provides valuable insights into its capacity to adapt to climate change. Genetic and dendrochronological studies offer complementary perspectives on this adaptability. Tree-ring analysis (dendrochronology) reveals how Q. robur has historically responded to environmental stressors, linking growth patterns to specific conditions such as drought or temperature extremes. By examining tree-ring width, density, and dynamics, researchers can identify periods of growth suppression or enhancement and predict forest responses to future climatic events. Genetic studies further complement this by uncovering adaptive genetic diversity and inheritance patterns. Identifying genetic markers associated with stress tolerance enables forest managers to prioritize the conservation of populations with higher adaptive potential. These insights can guide reforestation efforts and support the development of climate-resilient oak populations. By integrating genetic and dendrochronological data, researchers gain a holistic understanding of Q. robur’s mechanisms of resilience. This knowledge is vital for adaptive forest management and sustainable planning in the face of environmental challenges, ultimately helping to ensure the long-term viability of oak populations and their ecosystems. The topics covered in this review are very broad. We tried to include the most relevant, important, and significant studies, but focused mainly on the relatively recent Eastern European studies because they include the most of the species’ area. However, although more than 270 published works have been cited in this review, we have, of course, missed some published studies. We apologize in advance to authors of those relevant works that have not been cited.
Forfattere
G. Brundu S. Follak J. Pergl D. Chapman E. Branquart S. Buholzer Inger Sundheim Fløistad G. Fried M. Herbst E. Marchante Valkenburg van Valkenburg R. TannerSammendrag
Bamboos are popular ornamental plants in the EPPO region though some of themhave been observed to escape the confines of planting and establish in the naturalenvironment. The aim of this study is to produce a risk-based list of bamboospecies which are recorded in the natural environment in the EPPO region, and todetermine if any of the species require a pest risk analysis. Forty-two bamboo specieswere identified as being present in the natural environment in the EPPO region. Ofthese, 11 species fulfil the three pre-selected criteria for species to be consideredpotentially harmful: (1) the species is naturalized in at least one EPPO country; (2)the species has a running dispersal behaviour (leptomorph); and (3) there is evidenceof invasive behaviour in at least one country. These 11 species were prioritized usingthe EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants. Owing to their high spreadpotential and potential high impact, three species, namely Phyllostachys aurea,Pseudosasa japonica and Sasa palmata, proceeded to the second stage of theprioritization process (risk management stage). All three species were identified ashaving a high priority for a pest risk analysis. In 2024, the EPPO Panel on InvasiveAlien Plants agreed with the results of the study but noted that further informationon impacts would be beneficial and therefore the Panel agreed that Ph. aurea andS. palmata should be added to the EPPO Alert List along with the already includedP. japonica. This will raise awareness of these species in the region and furtherinformation can be gathered to support the development of a risk assessment
Forfattere
H. Heinemann F. Durand-Maniclas F. Seidel F. Ciulla Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena M. Camenzind S. Corrado Z. Csűrös Zs. Czakó D. Eylenbosch Andrea Ficke C. Flamm J.M. Herrera V. Horáková A. Hund F. Lüddeke F. Platz B. Poós Daniel Rasse M. da Silva-Lopes M. Toleikiene A. Veršulienė M. Visse-Mansiaux K. Yu J. Hirte A. DonSammendrag
Ensuring food security through sustainable practices while reducing greenhouse gas emissions are key challenges in modern agriculture. Utilising genetic variability within a crop species to identify varieties with higher root biomass carbon (C) could help address these challenges. It is thus crucial to quantify and understand intra-specific above- and belowground performance under varying environmental conditions. The study objectives were to: (a) quantify root biomass and depth distribution in different winter wheat varieties under various pedoclimatic conditions, (b) investigate the influence of variety and pedoclimatic conditions on the relationship between above- and belowground biomass production, and (c) assess whether optimised winter wheat variety selection can lead to both greater root biomass C and yield, boosting C accrual. Root biomass, root distribution to 1 m soil depth and root-to-shoot ratios were assessed in 10 different winter wheat varieties grown at 11 experimental sites covering a European climatic gradient from Spain to Norway. Median root biomass down to 1 m depth was 1.4 ± 0.7 Mg ha−1. The primary explanatory factor was site, accounting for 60% of the variation in root biomass production, while the genetic diversity between wheat varieties explained 9.5%. Precipitation had a significantly negative effect on total root biomass, especially in subsoil. Significant differences were also observed between varieties in root-to-shoot ratios and grain yield. The difference between the variety with the lowest root biomass and the one with the highest across sites was on average 0.9 Mg ha−1 which is an increase of 45%. Pedoclimatic conditions had a greater influence than variety, and determined the relationship's direction between root biomass and grain yield. A site-specific approach is, therefore, needed to realise the full potential for increased root biomass and yield offered by optimised variety selection. Summary The variability in root biomass among 10 winter wheat varieties was quantified in field trials. Root biomass differs significantly between varieties, but is mainly driven by site conditions. Root-to-shoot ratios decreased with increasing precipitation. Root biomass was 45% higher in the best performing variety compared to the worst performing one.
Forfattere
Carmen Rizzo Gabriella Caruso Giovanna Maimone Luisa Patrolecco Marco Termine Marco Bertolino Stefania Giannarelli Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo Josef Elster Alessio Lena Maria Papale Tanita Pescatore Jasmin Rauseo Rosamaria Soldano Francesca Spataro Paul Eric Aspholm Maurizio Azzaro Angelina Lo GiudiceSammendrag
Despite the ecosystem functions offered by sponges in freshwater habitats, fragmentary studies have targeted their microbiome and the bioaccumulation of legacy and emerging organic micropollutants, making it difficult to test hypotheses about sponge-microbe specificity and response to environmental factors and stressors. The sponge species Ephydatia muelleri and Spongilla lacustris, coexisting in two sites of the Pasvik River (northern Fennoscandia), were analyzed for persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), along with quali-quantitative microbiological features. River water and sediment were similarly treated to establish if the obtained data were site- or sponge-specific. CECs mainly occurred in abiotic matrices, with trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin prevailing in water and sediment, respectively. Only ciprofloxacin and diclofenac were detected in sponges, with higher concentrations generally determined in S. lacustris than E. muelleri. Overall, POP concentrations were in the order polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons > chlorobenzenes > polychlorobiphenyls > polychloronaphthalenes, with higher values in sponges with respect to abiotic matrices. Generally, POPs occurred at higher concentrations in S. lacustris than E. muelleri. Enzyme activity measurements displayed diverse trends across samples and sites, with E. muelleri displaying higher glycolytic activity than S. lacustris. Prokaryotic abundance in sponges generally exceeded that found in abiotic matrices. Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Cyanobacteria predominated in sponge samples, with slight differences between sponge species and sampling sites, whereas Desulfobacterota and Acidobacterota were retrieved mostly in sediment samples. The sponge-associated bacterial communities appeared to be differently affected by pollutant concentration at the site level. Overall, this study highlights the ecological role of freshwater sponges, shedding light on their microbial associations, pollutant bioaccumulation, and potential as bioindicators of aquatic ecosystem health. The findings emphasize the importance of considering both microbial diversity and contaminant accumulation for a holistic understanding of the roles played by freshwater sponges in human-impacted environments.
Sammendrag
1. The results of nature restoration efforts have been characterized as notoriously unpredictable. Many variables impact the trajectory of species communities towards recovery, and ecological theory that takes traits, habitat configuration and scale into account, can improve models. However, the most important questions regarding the predictability of species community restoration may be related to stochasticity. 2. We investigated the assembly of a cyanolichen community in a chronosequence consisting of 88 new forest patches (30–140+ years old) comprising today 0.4% of a 170 km2 former treeless heathland area in south-western Norway. Two complete inventories were carried out 12 years apart, and we (1) tested inferences on colonization status and recovery time based on the first inventory only; (2) investigated the recovery of the lichen community by changes in species richness, species density and composition at three different spatial scales; and (3) discussed how dispersal capacity and stochasticity affect community recovery in general. 3. Colonization of sites by lichen species exceeded extinctions in young sites but not in old sites, and in the second inventory, the richness of species weighed by occurrences no longer differed significantly between young and old sites at landscape scale. However, the differences between old and young sites depended on the spatial scale and method of measurement. 4. In accordance with inferences based only on the first inventory, colonization and extinction dynamics indicated that recovery of species richness in our study system will take 90–120 years at the landscape scale, whereas recovery of species composition was difficult to determine due to idiosyncratic development among sites. 5. Synthesis and applications. Using species composition as a template for the evaluation of restoration recovery in systems with a high degree of stochastic colonization and extinction is problematic, particularly at finer scales. Ideally, comparisons of restoration and reference communities should therefore be at large enough spatial scale to cancel out the major effects of stochasticity at finer scales. Furthermore, we suggest that a complete recovery of species numbers may not be needed as an indicator of restoration success if species richness measurements indicate that communities are en route to recovery.
Sammendrag
Large‐scale re‐/afforestation projects afford sizable atmospheric CO2 removals yet questionsloom surrounding their potentially offsetting biogeophysical radiative forcings. Forest area change alters notonly the surface albedo but also heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes, which in turn modify the atmosphere'sradiative, thermodynamical, and dynamical properties. These so‐called radiative forcing “adjustments” havebeen little examined in re‐/afforestation contexts, and many questions remain surrounding their relevance inrelation to the instantaneous forcing from the surface albedo change—and whether they can affect Earth'sradiative energy balance in regions remote from where the re‐/afforestation occurs. Here, we quantifiedbiogeophysical radiative forcings and adjustments from realistically scaled re‐/afforestation in Europe at highspatial resolution and found that adjustments with high signal‐to‐noise were largely confined to only a fewmonths and to the region of re‐/afforestation. Adjustments were dominated by perturbed low‐level clouds andrarely exceeded ±25% of the annual albedo change forcing.