Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
Sunndal er en viktig jordbrukskommune i Møre og Romsdal. Melkeproduksjon er hovedproduksjonen. I tillegg til grovfôrproduksjon til storfe dyrkes det både korn og potet. Kunnskap om jordsmonnet er viktig både for å produsere mest mulig mat med minst mulig miljøbelastning. Kunnskapen er også viktig for en god arealforvaltning.
Forfattere
Åge Arild NyborgSammendrag
Sømna - den grønne Helgelandskommunen som leverer! Sømna kommune er en av de viktigste jordbrukskommunene i Nordland, og jordbruket er preget av optimisme og stor aktivitet. Et mildt klima, et fruktbart jordsmonn og dyktige bønder gir en god ramme for både korndyrking og storfeproduksjon, som blant annet forsyner Nord-Norges største meieri med melk.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Per VesterbuktSammendrag
Rapporten inneholder skjøtselsplan for verdifull slåttemark på Saltvikberget i Inderøy kommune. Lokaliteten innehar verdi B som følge av arealstørrelse og artsmangfold. Det er avgjørende med en videreføring av tradisjonell ekstensiv skjøtsel for å kunne opprettholde verdien på slåttemarka.
Forfattere
Marleen Pallandt Bernhard Ahrens Markus Reichstein Holger Lange Marion Schrumpf Sönke ZaehleSammendrag
The role of soil moisture on organic matter decomposition remains poorly understood and underrepresented in coupled global climate models. Traditionally, organic matter decomposition is represented as simple first- or second order kinetics in such models, using mostly empirical functions for temperature and moisture controls, and without considering microbial interactions. We use the Dual Michaelis-Menten (DAMM) model (Davidson et al. 2012) to simulate simultaneous temperature and moisture controls on decomposition rates. Microbial controls on decomposition in relation to changes in soil moisture and temperature are implicitly simulated with DAMM: Soil moisture affects the available substrate (SOC) and oxygen available for decomposition and reduces the maximal, temperature driven decomposition rate (Vmax). We apply the DAMM model on vertically resolved data from the most recent coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP5) and gridded global SOC values (SoilGrids). We study the potential decomposition rates for a historic period (1976 - 2006) and a period under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario (2070-2099) for 5 soil layers up to 1m depth. Our key finding is that the inclusion of soil moisture controls has diverging effects on both the speed and direction of projected decomposition rates, compared to a temperature-only approach. The majority of these changes are driven by soil moisture through substrate limitation, rather than oxygen diffusion limitation. In deeper soil layers, oxygen diffusion limitation plays a stronger role. Our study highlights the need for inclusion of soil moisture interactions in coupled global climate models. Our findings could be particularly important for boreal soils, which store a major fraction of Earth’s SOC stocks and where temperature increases and soil moisture changes are expected to be largest.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Understanding how drivers of change affect ecosystem services (ES) is of great importance. Indicators of ES can be developed based on biophysical measures and be used to investigate the service flow from ecosystems to socio-ecological systems. However, the ES concept is multivariate and the use of normalized composite indicators reduces complexity and facilitates communication between science and policy. The aim of this study is to analyze how land use change affects ES and species richness and how the effects are modified by environmental factors by using composite indicators based on biophysical indicators. Using multivariate and regression analyses, we analyze the effect of grazing management abandonment in semi-natural grasslands in Norway on six ES: nutrient cycling, pollination, forage quality, aesthetics and global and regional climate regulation in addition to species richness along soil and climate gradients. Nutrient cycling, forage quality, regional climate regulation, aesthetics and species richness are larger in managed compared to abandoned grasslands. There are trade-offs among ES as different management strategies provide various ES and these trade-offs vary along environmental gradients. Management policies that aim to conserve ES need to have conservation goals that are context dependent, should recognize ES trade-offs and be adapted to local conditions.
Sammendrag
Many nonlinear methods of time series analysis require a minimal number of observations in the hundreds to thousands, which is not always easy to achieve for observations of environmental systems. Eddy Covariance (EC) measurements of the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and vegetation provide a noticeable exception. They are taken at high temporal resolution, typically at 20 Hz. This generates very long time series (many millions of data points) even for short measurement periods, rendering finite size effects unimportant. In this presentation, we investigate high-resolution raw data of 3D wind speed, CO2 concentrations, water vapor and temperature measured at a young forest plantation in Southeast Norway since July 2018. Guiding for the analysis is the gain or added value of the high resolution compared to more aggregated data, i.e. the scaling behavior of nonlinear properties of the time series. We present results of complexity analysis, Tarnopolski diagrams, q-Entropy, Hurst analysis, Empirical Mode Decomposition and Singular System Analysis. This provides detailed insights into the nature of dynamics of carbon fluxes across this system boundary at different temporal scales.
Sammendrag
Denne rapporten er basert på Landsskogtakseringens registreringer av vind- og snøskader i Sør-Norge i perioden 2005-2015, samt en case-studie hos Mathiesen Eidvol Værk for skader etter Dagmar-stormen. Med statistiske analyser har vi forsøkt å forklare variasjoner i skadeomfang ut fra (1) skoglige, (2) topografiske, (3) jordbunnsmessige, og (4) meteorologiske forhold. Omfanget av snø- og vindskader i Landsskogtakseringens data var lavt, - dels ved at omkring 90% av flatene ikke hadde noen skader i løpet av den 15-års perioden vi har sett på, verken på selve prøveflata eller på bestandet som flata lå i. Dels var skadene svake ved at en overveiende andel av dem rammet under 5% av stående volum. Det var videre en stor andel av skadene som rammet småtrær og løvtrær, ofte i blandingsskog, og i mange tilfeller trolig trær som var revet ned av større rotvelter. Disse småtrærne og løvtrærne har mindre relevans for det praktiske skogbruk, og vi har forsøkt å redusere betydningen av dem ved å fokusere på sterkere skader og på skader som har rammet hele skogbestandet som den enkelte prøveflata i Landsskogtakseringen lå i. Skadene var mest utbredt på Vestlandet, men generelt ganske jevnt fordelt mellom landsdelene i Sør-Norge....
Sammendrag
Humic substances are important indicators of soil fertility. The fluorescence properties of humic acids from black soils in Harbin, northeast China, were investigated, after long-term fertilization using treatments with or without mineral fertilizer (NPK) and organic manure. Excitation and emission matrices combined with parallel factor analysis were used to investigate the structure of the humic acid. Principal component analysis was performed to select the most suitable parameters for the description of humic acid. The dimension reduction for the original fluorescence parameters extracted two principal components. By using the two principal component scores as a new index for clustering, it was concluded that long-term fertilization treatments in black soil in Harbin clustered into three groups of manure + NPK and organic manure treatments, NPK treatment, and soil without any fertilization. Manure + NPK fertilization and manure fertilization alone led to a higher degree of humification than NPK only or the control. We conclude that long-term fertilization with organic matter with or without NPK could increase the humification degree of these soils.