Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Jonas Cedergren Emma Holmström Johanna Routa Saija Huuskonen Christian Kuehne Pasi RautioSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Katri Kärkkäinen Sonja T. Kujala Rosario Garcia-Gil Arne Steffenrem Johan Sonesson Liina Hoikkala Harri Mäkinen Sauli ValkonenSammendrag
• Genetic effects of continuous cover forestry (CCF) are not well known. We need more research, especially on the genetics of spruce-dominated CCF sites. Levels of relatedness are of interest, as are estimates of safe limits for the intensity and duration of CCF practices that secure genetic potential for good growth and quality. • With even-aged forestry, genetically improved regeneration material can be used to mitigate climate change-related risks through breeding and deployment recommendations. In CCF, currently based on natural regeneration, we assume that enough seedlings establish, and that sites contain enough genetic variation to enable natural selection and evolutionary processes. • Based on research in other regions, the number of reproducing trees must be kept large to avoid excessive levels of relatedness and inbreeding and to maintain suffcient levels of genetic diversity. • In some well-documented long-term experiments in other regions, intensive high-grading has led to slower growth rates, which could partly be due to genetic degradation of the stand. If contemporary recommendations for selection cutting are followed, negative genetic effects should be unlikely.
Sammendrag
• Defnitions of continuous cover forestry (CCF) vary among countries, and are often a political compromise. • We offer a common defnition of CCF for this book, which can be found in a text box below. • The three silvicultural systems included in CCF are described briefy. • Conversion to CCF will be an important activity in the near future, but approaches to and experiences of conversion to CCF are largely lacking in Fennoscandia. • Methods need to be developed for how to assess the suitability of forest stands for CCF or conversion to CCF. • Bad practices and experiences with selective cutting in Fennoscandia before 1950 have led to a loss of experience and willingness to apply CCF. • Climate adaptation will make it necessary to modify CCF approaches in the region, especially given the limited number of shade-tolerant species.
Forfattere
Jarkko Hantula Malin Elfstrand Anne-Maarit Hekkala Ari Hietala Juha Honkaniemi Maartje Klapwijk Matti Koivula Juho Matala Jonas Rönnberg Juha Siitonen Fredrik WidemoSammendrag
• Damage from wind, snow, spruce bark beetle, and large pine weevil are likely to be less severe in CCF than in RF. However, the conversion of RF to CCF may briefy expose stands to windthrow. • Browsing by large herbivores on saplings may limit regeneration of tree species other than spruce in continuous cover forestry and reduce tree species diversity, but alternative silvicultural practices may also increase forage availability in the feld and shrub layer. Browsing damage outcomes for saplings in CCF are diffcult to predict. • For many types of damage in CCF, substantial knowledge gaps complicate the assessment of damage risk.
Forfattere
Seija Tuulentie Therese Bjärstig Inger Hansen Unni Støbet Lande Paul McLean Jani Pellikka Rainer Peltola Jasmine ZhangSammendrag
• Sustainable forest management approaches, regardless of whether they involve continuous cover forestry (CCF) or rotation forestry (RF), require a holistic landscape perspective that acknowledges the multiple interests, values, and uses that depend on the locally relevant economic, ecological, and socio-cultural circumstances. These must be considered alongside the use of forests and forest landscapes as a resource for rural development. • Forests provide a wide range of goods and services. Those addressed here (i.e. tourism, recreation, health, grazing, non-timber forest products, and societal protection from natural hazards) are a subset of all of those potential services that are already considered to be of special signifcance for the Nordic region. • Most recreational users consider variation in the forest landscape and longdistance views as visually attractive but think that clearcuttings and soil tilling are harmful. • In general, CCF favours bilberries, while lingonberries and some mushrooms benefit from even-aged forestry. • Owing to the many and varied demands relating to forests and forest landscapes in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, CCF-supported multiple-use strategies and planning will need to consider stakeholder requirements more, now and in the future, than is currently the case.
Forfattere
Simone Bianchi Andreas Brunner Kjersti Holt Hanssen Hannu Hökkä Urban Nilsson Nils Fahlvik Jari HynynenSammendrag
• There is still a lack of knowledge on growth and yield (G&Y) in continuous cover forestry (CCF). Most published studies are on the selection system with Norway spruce. • Published comparisons of the selection system with rotation forestry (RF) show contrasting results. Generally, there seems to be a trend toward faster stand growth in RF. • However, there are many uncertainties due to several confounding factors, such as stand-density effects, site-quality classifcation, and/or growth models used. Most studies do not properly account for all these factors, making it diffcult to generalise their results. • The optimal stand density trade off for the selection system between stand growth and recruitment should be better investigated. Preliminary results show this could strongly affect stand growth. • There is even less knowledge related to G&Y during conversion, a potential bottleneck for full implementation of CCF in the region.
Forfattere
Matti Koivula Adam Felton Mari Jönsson Therese Löfroth Fride Høistad Schei Juha Siitonen Jörgen SjögrenSammendrag
• This chapter summarises biodiversity responses to continuous cover forestry (CCF). The comparator throughout this chapter is rotation forestry (RF) and its main harvesting method—clearcutting—unless otherwise stated. • Research on the biodiversity effects of logging methods applied in CCF (mostly selection or gap cutting) mainly concerns the short-term effects of measures taken in mature, originally fairly even-aged forests, at best 10–15 years after cutting. Thus far, no surveys or chronosequences cover the whole rotation period (60–100 years). • Continuous cover forestry is likely to beneft species that suffer when the tree cover is removed, such as bilberry and its associated species. Species requiring spatial continuity in host trees or canopy cover may also benefit. • Selection cutting may preserve the majority of species in the mature forest, but the most sensitive species may decline or even disappear. Gap cutting (diameter 20–50 m) affects forest-interior species relatively little, but species’ abundances in gaps change with increasing gap size. Shelterwood cutting seems to closely resemble selection cutting in terms of species responses. In the long term, however, shelterwood cutting results in an even-aged and sparse overstorey, which does not produce the biodiversity benefits of CCF. • Species that have declined due to forestry mostly require large living and dead trees. The preservation of these species is not ensured by CCF alone, but requires deliberately maintaining these structural features. • A mosaic of different forest-management practices within landscapes may provide complementary ways to maintain rich biodiversity.
Forfattere
Heikki Korpunen Yrjö Nuutinen Paula Jylhä Lars Eliasson Aksel Granhus Juha Laitila Stephan Hoffmann Timo MuhonenSammendrag
• Overall forest management objectives and stand properties set the requirements and possibilities for harvesting in continuous cover forestry (CCF). • Harvester and forwarder operators play a key role in successful CCF harvesting, as both productivity and quality of work are essential factors in harvesting operations. • Optimal stand conditions improve work productivity on selection harvesting sites; harvested stem volume correlates well with work productivity in cutting, and density of remaining trees does not signifcantly reduce work productivity in forwarding. • Carefully executed group cutting and shelterwood harvesting can reduce the number of damaged remaining trees, which is benefcial for future tree generations. • Research-based information is needed about work productivity in harvesting, damage caused by harvesting, and optimisation of strip road and forest road networks for CCF.
Forfattere
Mikolaj Lula Kjersti Holt Hanssen Martin Goude Hannu Hökkä Sauli Valkonen Andreas Brunner Pasi Rautio Charlotta Erefur Aksel GranhusSammendrag
• In the context of continuous cover forestry (CCF), natural regeneration is the preferred form of regeneration, but it is a long-lasting and complex process. Shelter density has a large effect on the regeneration process and results. • The selection system, particularly suited for shade-tolerant species like Norway spruce, relies on continuous regeneration and ingrowth into larger size classes.
Sammendrag
• Conventional forest operations can exert signifcant impacts on the hydrology and water quality of downstream aquatic environments. • Few research results have been published on the impacts of continuous cover forestry (CCF) on water quality. • CCF could be useful for reducing nutrient, carbon, and suspended solid exports in waterways. • CCF may be a better alternative to rotation forestry (RF) on mineral soils and drained peatlands. • Further research is needed on the many processes controlling nutrient and carbon exports in CCF and RF.