Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Magdalena Broda Callum Aidan Stephen HillSammendrag
This paper reviews the degradation, preservation and conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood. Degradation due to bacteria in anoxic and soft-rot fungi and bacteria in oxic waterlogged conditions is discussed with consideration of the effect on the chemical composition of wood, as well as the deposition of sulphur and iron within the structure. The effects on physical properties are also considered. The paper then discusses the role of consolidants in preserving waterlogged archaeological wood after it is excavated as well as issues to be considered when reburial is used as a means of preservation. The use of alum and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as consolidants is presented along with various case studies with particular emphasis on marine artefacts. The properties of consolidated wood are examined, especially with respect to the degradation of the wood post-conservation. Different consolidants are reviewed along with their use and properties. The merits and risks of reburial and in situ preservation are considered as an alternative to conservation.
Forfattere
David Natcher Ingrid Kvalvik Olafur Reykdal Kristin Beate Hansen Florent Govaerts Silje Elde Bjørg Helen Nøstvold Rune Rødbotten Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Hilde Halland Eivind Uleberg Jón Árnason Páll Gunnar Pálsson Rakel Halldórsdóttir Óli Þór Hilmarsson Gunnar Þórðarson Þóra ValsdóttirSammendrag
In 2016, the Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) endorsed The Arctic as a Food Producing Region research project. Involving research teams from Iceland, Norway, Canada, Greenland, and Russia, the objective of the project was to assess the potential for increased production and added value of foods originating from the Arctic, with the overarching aim of improving food security, while enhancing the social and economic conditions of Arctic communities. Although the Arctic was recognised as an important food-producing region, there was a shared sense that the Arctic was not meeting its full potential, either in terms of satisfying local food needs or for maximising its domestic or international export potential. Yet beyond speculation, much of which was informed by individual or anecdotal experience, there was little understanding of the current production capacities of Arctic food sectors or where opportunities may lie for sustainable growth. The aim of the project was, therefore, threefold: (1) complete an inventory of the current levels of Arctic food production in terms of products, volumes, revenues; (2) identify the constraints and opportunities for increased production value-added opportunities; and (3) identify potential pathways and new value chains for expanding Arctic food production and distribution opportunities. .............
Sammendrag
There is little knowledge about photosynthesis in everbearing strawberry cultivars. We therefore grew three everbearing strawberry cultivars in daylight phytotron compartments at temperatures of 9, 15, 21 and 27°C and photoperiods of 10 h (SD) and 20 h (LD). After three weeks, the rates of dark respiration and photosynthesis and their acclimation were measured in 'Favouri'. Photosynthesis of plants grown in the various conditions was measured as CO2-uptake with an infrared gas analyzer at increasing irradiances (50-1000 µmol quanta m‑2 s‑1) and temperatures ranging from 9 to 27°C. In the dark, CO2-production (dark respiration) increased with increasing measuring temperature and was always largest in plants grown at low temperature (9°C) with no significant effect of photoperiod. Photosynthetic CO2-uptake was lowest at almost all irradiances in plants grown at 9°C, and with no clear effect of growth temperatures in the 15-27°C range. At saturating irradiances (500-1000 µmol), CO2-uptake increased with increasing measuring temperatures, reaching a plateau at about 21°C for plants grown at 15-27°C in SD and at 21-27°C in LD. For plants grown at 15°C in LD, the maximum CO2-uptake rate was obtained at 27°C. Light response curves showed that CO2-uptake increased with increasing irradiance and measuring temperatures and that the irradiance effect was markedly enhanced by increasing growth temperature. Maximum uptake rates were lowest for plants grown at 9°C at both photoperiods and highest for plants grown at 15°C in SD. Comparison of plants of 'Altess', 'Favouri' and 'Murano' at 500 µmol irradiance and 21°C revealed no significant differences in photosynthetic efficiency between the cultivars. Generally, the everbearing strawberry cultivars showed considerable photosynthetic plasticity to temperature within the 9-27°C range, although with an overall optimum at 15-21°C.
Forfattere
Jennifer Mildenberger Janne Kristin Stangeland Céline ReboursSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
https://youtu.be/ngVWWIkiU5s
Sammendrag
Reindrifta i området har opplevd mange inngrep og betydelig økning av menneskelig aktivitet i fjellene de siste årene som er til ulempe for drifta. Etablering av den planlagte sherpatrappa vil komme på toppen av dette, og vil være til betydelig skade for reindrifta. Spesielt vil trappa og økt trafikk av folk vil være et hinder for flytte- og trekkleier.
Forfattere
Manuel Helbig Tatjana Zivkovic Pavel Alekseychik Mika Aurela Eugénie S. Euskirchen Lawrence B. Flanagan Timothy J. Griffis Carole Helfter Takashi Hirano Elyn Humphreys Gerard Kiely Randall Kolka Paul Leahy Annalea Lohila Ivan Mammarella Masahito Ueyama Mats B. Nilsson Frans-Jan W. Parmentier Matthias Peichl Janne Rinne Daniel T. Roman Oliver Sonnentag Eeva-Stiina Tuittila Timo Vesala Patrik Vestin Simon Weldon Per WeslienSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jeremy C. Andersen Nathan P. Havill Brian P. Griffin Jane U. Jepsen Snorre Hagen Tero Klemola Isabel C. Barrio Sofie A. Kjeldgaard Toke T. Høye John Murlis Yuri N. Baranchikov Andrey V. Selikhovkin Ole Petter Laksforsmo Vindstad Adalgisa Caccone Joseph S. ElkintonSammendrag
The frequency and severity of outbreaks by pestiferous insects is increasing globally, likely as a result of human-mediated introductions of non-native organisms. However, it is not always apparent whether an outbreak is the result of a recent introduction of an evolutionarily naïve population, or of recent disturbance acting on an existing population that arrived previously during natural range expansion. Here we use approximate Bayesian computation to infer the colonization history of a pestiferous insect, the winter moth, Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), which has caused widespread defoliation in northern Fennoscandia. We generated genotypes using a suite of 24 microsatellite loci and find that populations of winter moth in northern Europe can be assigned to five genetically distinct clusters that correspond with 1) Iceland, 2) the British Isles, 3) Central Europe and southern Fennoscandia, 4) Eastern Europe, and 5) northern Fennoscandia. We find that the northern Fennoscandia winter moth cluster is most closely related to a population presently found in the British Isles, and that these populations likely diverged around 2,900 years ago. This result suggests that current outbreaks are not the result of a recent introduction, but rather that recent climate or habitat disturbance is acting on existing populations that may have arrived to northern Fennoscandia via pre-Roman traders from the British Isles, and/or by natural dispersal across the North Sea likely using the Orkney Islands of northern Scotland as a stepping-stone before dispersing up the Norwegian coast. approximate bayesian computation, Quaternary climatic oscillations, Lepidoptera, population genetics
Forfattere
Annemarie Fejer Justesen Beatrice Corsi Andrea Ficke Lorenz Hartl Sarah Holdgate Lise Nistrup Jørgensen Morten Lillemo Min Lin Ian J. Mackay Volker Mohler Melanie Stadlmeier Kar-Chun Tan Judith Turner Richard P. Oliver James CockramSammendrag
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields are commonly affected by foliar infection by fungal pathogens. Of these, three wheat leaf blotch fungal diseases, septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), tan spot (TS) and septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Parastagonospora nodorum (Pn), Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) and Zymoseptoria tritici (Zt), respectively, induce major yield losses. Infection results in necrotic areas on the leaf, and it is often difficult to determine the underlying causative pathogen from visible symptoms alone, especially in mixed infections. Here, a regional survey of 330 wheat samples collected across three seasons (years 2015–2017) from four north-west European countries was undertaken. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays specific for each pathogen, as well as disease assessment of leaf materials, distinct regional differences were identified. Two-thirds (65%) of all samples harbored at least two of the three pathogens. Norway had high SNB abundance, but also showed mixed infections of SNB, TS and STB. In Germany, TS was prevalent, with STB also common. Danish samples commonly possessed all three pathogens, with STB prevalent, followed by TS and SNB. The UK had a major prevalence of STB with minimal occurrence of TS and SNB. Across all samples, qPCR identified Zt, Pn and Ptr in 90%, 54% and 57% of samples, respectively. For each pathogen, average disease levels via visual assessment showed modest positive correlation with fungal DNA concentrations (R2 = 0.13–0.32). Overall, our study highlights that the occurrence of mixed infection is common and widespread, with important implications for wheat disease management and breeding strategies.
Sammendrag
WSP Norge AS planlegger å bygge ut Sørumsand brannstasjon i Lillestrøm kommune. Utbyggingen vil føre til beslag av opptil 6,5 dekar dyrka mark på gnr. 244/bnr. 9. Matjorda på cirka 4 daa må derfor flyttes. NIBIO anbefaler flytting av 25cm A-sjikt, noe som gir 1000m3 jord å flytte. Av disse er 450m3 planlagt deponert midlertidig for senere bruk i grøntanlegg, og 600m3 planlagt permanent deponert. Det er gjort vurdering av jordsmonnet på det dyrka arealet og en vurdering av hvor mye av jorda som egner seg til jordflytting. Totalareal for mottaksareal er 2,5 daa og er klassifisert som dyrket mark. Arealene blir svakt hellende. Tiltaket vil kunne gi forbedring av jordbruksarealet og arealet kan brukes til åkervekster. De aktuelle massene for jordflytting i dette prosjektet er sandig silt. Slik jord er den vanskeligste jorda å håndtere i utbygginger da den er meget eroderbar, og kan lett ødelegges ved uvøren komprimering. Det gis råd for gjennomføring som skal sikre et godt resultat og hindre erosjon og oppformering av fremmedarter. Ved riktig utført arbeid vil en, med de beskrevne jordkvalitetene, være mulig å få et fullverdig grøntanlegg ved brannstasjonen samt et økt produksjonspotensial på resterende jordbruksareal. Men NIBIO påpeker i rapporten at det er risiko for at anleggstekniske problemer oppstår og resultatet kan bli mislykket. Spesielt valg av deponiareal med relativt stor helning virker uheldig gitt siltjordas eroderbarhet.