Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Nicholas Clarke Lars Pødenphant Kiær O. Janne Kjønaas Teresa Gómez de la Bárcena Lars Vesterdal Inge Stupak Leena Finér Staffan Jacobson Kestutis Armolaitis Dagnija Lazdina Helena Marta Stefánsdóttir Bjarni D. SigurdssonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Over recent decades, climate change has been particularly severe in the Mediterranean basin, where the intensity and frequency of drought events have had a significant effect on tree growth and mortality. In this context, differences in structural and physiological strategies between tree species could help to mitigate the damage inflicted by climate variability and drought events. Here, we used dendroecological approaches to observe common associations (synchrony) between indexed ring width in Pinus pinea and P. pinaster, as a measure of degree of dependence on climate variation or growth sensitivity to climate, as well as to analyze species growth responses to drought events through the Lloret’s indices of resistance, recovery and resilience. Based on data from 75 mixed and pure plots installed in the Northern Plateau of Spain, we used modeling tools to detect the effect of the mixture, along with climate and stand-related variables, on the short-term responses and long-term growth sensitivity to climate. Our results showed a trade-off between resistance and recovery after the drought episodes. In addition, different attributes of tree species, such as age and size as well as stand density seemed to act synergistically and compensate drought stress in different ways. The presence of age and quadratic mean diameter as covariates in the final synchrony model for P. pinaster reflected the influence of other variables as modulators of growth response to climate. Furthermore, differences in growth synchrony in mixed and monospecific composition suggested the existence of interactions between the two species and some degree of temporal niche complementarity. In mixed stands, P. pinaster exhibited a lower sensitivity to climate than in monospecific composition, whereas P. pinea enhanced its resistance to extreme droughts. These results allowed us to identify the species-specific behavior of P. pinea and P. pinaster to mitigate vulnerability to climate-related extremes.
Forfattere
Xiao Huang Hanna Marika Silvennoinen Bjørn Kløve Kristiina Regina Tanka P. Kandel Arndt Piayda Sandhya Karki Poul Erik Lærke Mats HöglindSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Dina Stober Monika Suškevičs Sebastian Eiter Stefanie Müller Stanislav Martinat Matthias BucheckerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Martin Forsius Maximilian Posch Maria Holmberg Jussi Vuorenmaa Sirpa Kleemola Algirdas Augustaitis Burkhard Beudert Witold Bochenek Nicholas Clarke Heleen de Wit Thomas Dirnböck Jane Frey Ulf Grandin Hannele Hakola Johannes Kobler Pavel Krám Antti-Jussi Lindroos Stefan Löfgren Tomasz Pecka Pernilla Rönnback Krzysztof Skotak Józef Szpikowski Liisa Ukonmaanaho Salar Valinia Milan VáňaSammendrag
Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) compounds and their long-range transport have caused widespread negative impacts on different ecosystems. Critical loads (CLs) are deposition thresholds used to describe the sensitivity of ecosystems to atmospheric deposition. The CL methodology has been a key science-based tool for assessing the environmental consequences of air pollution. We computed CLs for eutrophication and acidification using a European long-term dataset of intensively studied forested ecosystem sites (n = 17) in northern and central Europe. The sites belong to the ICP IM and eLTER networks. The link between the site-specific calculations and time-series of CL exceedances and measured site data was evaluated using long-term measurements (1990–2017) for bulk deposition, throughfall and runoff water chemistry. Novel techniques for presenting exceedances of CLs and their temporal development were also developed. Concentrations and fluxes of sulphate, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and acidity in deposition substantially decreased at the sites. Decreases in S deposition resulted in statistically significant decreased concentrations and fluxes of sulphate in runoff and decreasing trends of TIN in runoff were more common than increasing trends. The temporal developments of the exceedance of the CLs indicated the more effective reductions of S deposition compared to N at the sites. There was a relation between calculated exceedance of the CLs and measured runoff water concentrations and fluxes, and most sites with higher CL exceedances showed larger decreases in both TIN and H+ concentrations and fluxes. Sites with higher cumulative exceedance of eutrophication CLs (averaged over 3 and 30 years) generally showed higher TIN concentrations in runoff. The results provided evidence on the link between CL exceedances and empirical impacts, increasing confidence in the methodology used for the European-scale CL calculations. The results also confirm that emission abatement actions are having their intended effects on CL exceedances and ecosystem impacts.
2020
Sammendrag
Kveke og annet rotugras er et stort problem for både gras- og kornprodusenter. Sprøyting med glyfosat er ofte løsningen, men Kåre Eidsmo i Melhus har god erfaring med ugrasharving for å bekjempe kveke i kornåkeren.
Sammendrag
Sterkt forsinket – men endelig kom såkornet i jorda i Trøndelag. En kald og våt vår gjorde det ekstra spennende for Sondre Rikstad og andre kornbønder i Midt-Norge. Det er ikke første gang, og derfor har NIBIO undersøkt alternative strategier i prosjektet «Våronn plan B».
Forfattere
Siri Lie Olsen Graciela Monica Rusch Valborg Kvakkestad Katrina Rønningen Per Kristian Rørstad Zander Venter Björn NordénSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Organic production in Europe is currently dependent on the input of fertilisers derived from conventional agriculture, such as farmyard manure, slurry and fertilisers derived from slaugther residues. A significant part of the nutrient flows in our food systems goes in one direction, from land to sea, via sewage and leaching. Harvesting marine organisms for fertilisation, or utilising residual materials e.g. from fish industry as fertilisers, may close such nutrient gaps and promote active cycling of nutrients. At NORSØK, we are studying the use of algae fibre (rich in potassium (K), magnesium and sulphur) and fishbones (rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) as fertilisers. High yields were produced with fishbones, and the short-term N availablity was much higher than for mineral N fertiliser or dried poultry manure. Plants with a long period of nutrient uptake benefited from algae fertiliser. However, seaweeds contain significant amounts of arsenic (As), and easily available K may impact a balanced mineral content in the food or feed product. Excess P in the fishbones may cause eutrophication if this fertiliser is applied to cover the N demands of the crop. Research is needed to make a well balanced fertiliser.