Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
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Denne artikkelen beskriver forsøk med ulike sopparter (isolert fra jordbærplanter) som kunne ha et potensiale som nyttesopper (biologisk kontroll) mot gråskimmel i jordbær. Epicoccum nigrum og Aureobasidium pullulans ga redusert råtning (gråskimmel) et år, mens ingen av de potensielle nyttesoppene reduserte råtningen året etter.
Sammendrag
Fusarium-toksiner i korn utgjør en helserisiko for mennesker og dyr, og fra 2006 har Mattilsynet fastsatt grenseverdier for innhold av noen slike toksiner i korn. Denne utgivelsen av Bioforsk TEMA omtaler dyrkingsforhold som har betydning for angrep av Fusarium og utvikling av toksiner i korn. På side 3 er det vist en tabell for vurdering av risiko for utvikling av Fusarium-toksiner i vekstsesongen.
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Artikkelen skildrar effekten av klimatiske tilhøve (nedbør og temperatur) før sporekastinga tar til om våren på sporemodninga/sporekastinga seinare i sesongen hos epleskurvsoppen. Di fuktigare klimaet er siste månaden før sporekastinga tar til (som regel rundt grøn spiss), di større mengde sporar vert kasta tidleg i sesongen. Data er basert på innsamla bladverk med soppsmitte frå 11 ulike land.
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The difficulty in sub-culturing biotrophic fungi complicates etiological studies related to the associated plant diseases. By employing species-specific ITS sequence stretches, we used real-time PCR to investigate the spatial colonization profiles of T. areolata and a co-existing Phomopsis species in seedlings and saplings of Norway spruce showing bark necrosis. There was a strong gradient in the colonization level of T. areolata DNA along the lesion length, with the highest DNA amount levels being recorded in the area with dark brown phloem. The separate analysis of bark and wood tissues indicated that the initial spread of the rust to healthy tissues neighbouring the infection site presumably takes place in the bark. A Phomopsis species co-existing together with T. areolata in several cases showed very high DNA levels in the upper part of the lesion outside the brown phloem area, and even in the visually healthy proximal tissues above the lesions. This indicates that this ascomycete has a latent stage during early colonization of Norway spruce shoots. This mode of infection most probably explains the successful co-existence of Phomopsis with a biotrophic rust, as their mutual interest would be to avoid triggering host cell death.
Forfattere
Magnus Karlsson Ari M. Hietala Harald Kvaalen Halvor Solheim Åke Olson Jan Stenlid Carl Gunnar FossdalSammendrag
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) has a natural distribution in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and is economically the most important tree species grown in the Nordic countries. A common threat to Norway spruce is the basidiomyceteous fungus Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä and Korhonen. H. parviporum mainly attacks Norway spruce, although Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) occasionally get infected. One obstacle to studying host/pathogen interaction in conifers has been the limited availability of mature clones for controlled inoculations, as genetic variation within the host material and the lack of replicates complicate interpretation of the results. Somatic embryogenesis, rooted cuttings, and tissue cultures may provide solutions for this problem. Tissue cultures from mature Norway spruce trees have been proposed as a possible model system for assessing resistance toward fungal pathogens. Recent data on chitinase isoform activity in the Norway spruce/H. parviporum pathosystem are encouraging; clonal variation was observed in the isoforms affected by inoculation, and the isoforms showing increased band intensity following bark inoculation by H. parviporum were also induced in the inoculated tissue cultures of the corresponding clones. To investigate the biological relevance of tissue cultures in host-pathogen interaction studies, transcript levels of selected host and pathogen genes in tissue cultures of Norway spruce were compared to those in bark of 33-year-old ramets of the same clones upon challenge by the pathogenic fungus H. parviporum. Similar transcript profiles of the pathogen and host genes were observed in both tissues, this supporting the use of tissue cultures as experimental material for the pathosystem. Higher transcript levels of the host genes phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase were observed in the more resistant clone #589 than in the less resistant clone #409 during the early stages of colonization. The most striking difference between the spruce clones was related to gene transcript levels of a class IV chitinase, which showed a continuous increase in clone #409 over the experimental period, with a possible association of this gene product to programmed cell death. Several of the fungal genes assayed were differentially expressed during colonization, including putative glutathione-S-transferases, laccase, cellulase, cytochrome P450 and superoxide dismutase genes. The transcriptional responses suggest an important role for the antioxidant systems of both organisms.
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Denne artikkelen (abstrakt) rapporterer frå funn av Colletotrichum acutatum på knoppar av søt- og surkirsebær og eple.