Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2022
Redaktører
Sekhar Udaya NagothuSammendrag
This book presents evidence-based research on climate-neutral and resilient farming systems and further provides innovative and practical solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impact of climate change.Intensive farming systems are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, thereby contributing to global warming and the acceleration of climate change. As paddy rice farming is one of the largest contributors, and environmentally damaging farming systems, it will be a particular focus of this book. The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions needs to be urgently addressed to achieve the 2°C target adopted by COP21 and the 2015 Paris Agreement, but this is not possible if local and national level innovations are not accompanied by international level cooperation, mutual learning and sharing of knowledge and technologies. This book, therefore, brings together international collaborative research experiences on climate-neutral and resilient farming systems compiled by leading scientists and experts from Europe, Asia and Africa. The chapters present evidence-based research and innovative solutions that can be applied or upscaled in different farming systems and regions across the world. Chapters also present models and technologies that can be used for practical implementation at the systemic level and advance the state of the art knowledge on carbon-neutral farming. Combining theory and practice, this interdisciplinary book provides guidance which can inform and increase cooperation between researchers from various countries on climate-neutral and resilient farming systems. Most importantly, the volume provides recommendations which can be put into practice by those working in the agricultural industry, especially in developing countries, where they are attempting to promote climate-neutral and resilient farming systems. The book will be of great interest to students and academics of sustainable agriculture, food security, climate mitigation and sustainable development, in addition to policymakers and practitioners working in these areas.
Forfattere
Julia S. Joswig Christian Wirth Meredith C. Schuman Jens Kattge Björn Reu Ian J. Wright Sebastian Sippel Nadja Rüger Ronny Richter Michael E. Schaepman Peter M. van Bodegom J.H.C. Cornelissen Sandra Díaz Wesley N. Hattingh Koen Kramer Frederic Lens Ülo Niinemets Peter B. Reich Markus Reichstein Christine Römermann Franziska Schrodt Madhur Anand Michael Bahn Chaeho Byun Giandiego Campetella Bruno E. L. Cerabolini Joseph M. Craine Andres Gonzalez-Melo Alvaro G. Gutiérrez Tianhua He Pedro Higuchi Hervé Jactel Nathan J. B. Kraft Vanessa Minden Vladimir Onipchenko Josep Peñuelas Valério D. Pillar Ênio Sosinski Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia Evan Weiher Miguel D. MahechaSammendrag
Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles.
Sammendrag
Galera, Matrigon 72SG and their parallel products are approved for weed control in oilseed rape every fourth years. In 2017, clopyralid, which is the active component in the herbicides, was found in Danish honey for the first time when honey from 2016 and 2017 was tested. The maximum acceptable residue level for clopyralid in honey has not been verified scientifically but is set at 0.05 mg/kg, which is not considered harmful to humans. However, 0.1 mg/kg releases a ban on sale of honey. In several of the tested honey samples from both years the amount of clopyralid was higher than 0.1 mg/kg. As nearly 50% of the Danish honey stems from nectar collected from rapeseed the use of clopyralid in oilseed rape poses a very serious economic problem for Danish beekeepers, and already in 2017, the sale of several spring honey lots was rejected. In 2019 and 2020, we tested the following hypotheses 1) nectar and pollen, collected from flowers of winter oilseed rape sprayed with clopyralid according to the regulations may contain clopyralid; 2) honey and pollen collected from beehives placed next to winter oilseed rape fields sprayed with clopyralid according to the regulations may contain clopyralid. Residues of clopyralid were found in all nectar, pollen and honey samples from treated plots and fields. In a large part of the samples, more than 0.1 mg clopyralid/kg was detected, which would have resulted in a ban on the sale of honey. The perspectives of the results are discussed.
Sammendrag
Clopyralid is a systemic herbicide used in oilseed rape and other crops. It was found in Danish honey from 2016 in concentrations exceeding the maximum residue level (MRL) of 0.05 mg kg−1. About 50% of the Danish honey is based on nectar from winter oilseed rape. In 2019 and 2020, winter oilseed rape fields were sprayed with clopyralid just before the assigned spraying deadline. At flowering, nectar and pollen samples were collected and the content of clopyralid was measured. Honey and pollen samples were also collected from beehives next to ten conventional winter oilseed rape fields sprayed with clopyralid. Clopyralid was found in nectar and pollen from the experimental fields, and in honey and pollen from beehives next to the conventional fields. For most samples the content in nectar and honey exceeded the MRL. The concentrations found, may not pose any health risk for consumers, as the MRL is based on the original detection limit and not on toxicological tests. However, it can have a significant economical consequence for the beekeepers, who are not allowed to sell the honey if the concentration of clopyralid exceeds 0.1 mg kg−1. Reducing the acceptable applicable rate of clopyralid or implementing an earlier deadline for spraying of clopyralid may reduce the risk of contaminating bee food products. However, if it is not possible to obtain a satisfactory effect of clopyralid on the weed flora under these conditions, spraying with pesticides containing clopyralid should be restricted in winter oilseed rape. Determination of an MRL value based on toxicological tests might result in a higher value and make it acceptable selling the honey containing higher levels of clopyralid.
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Forfattere
Jingjing Liang Javier G. P. Gamarra Nicolas Picard Mo Zhou Bryan Pijanowski Douglass F. Jacobs Peter B. Reich Thomas W. Crowther Gert-Jan Nabuurs Sergio de-Miguel Jingyun Fang Christopher W. Woodall Jens-Christian Svenning Tommaso Jucker Jean-Francois Bastin Susan K. Wiser Ferry Slik Bruno Hérault Giorgio Alberti Gunnar Keppel Geerten M. Hengeveld Pierre L. Ibisch Carlos A. Silva Hans ter Steege Pablo L. Peri David A. Coomes Eric B. Searle Klaus von Gadow Bogdan Jaroszewicz Akane O. Abbasi Meinrad Abegg Yves C. Adou Yao Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano Jan Altman Esteban Alvarez-Dávila Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González Luciana F. Alves Bienvenu H. K. Amani Christian A. Amani Christian Ammer Bhely Angoboy Ilondea Clara Antón Fernández Valerio Avitabile Gerardo A. Aymard Akomian F. Azihou Johan A. Baard Timothy R. Baker Radomir Balazy Meredith L. Bastian Rodrigue Batumike Marijn Bauters Hans Beeckman Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu Robert Bitariho Pascal Boeckx Jan Bogaert Frans Bongers Olivier Bouriaud Pedro H. S. Brancalion Susanne Brandl Francis Q. Brearley Jaime Briseno-Reyes Eben N. Broadbent Helge Bruelheide Erwin Bulte Ann Christine Catlin Roberto Cazzolla Gatti Ricardo G. César Han Y. H. Chen Chelsea Chisholm Emil Cienciala Gabriel D. Colletta José Javier Corral-Rivas Anibal Cuchietti Aida Cuni-Sanchez Javid A. Dar Selvadurai Dayanandan Thales de Haulleville Mathieu Decuyper Sylvain Delabye Géraldine Derroire Ben DeVries John Diisi Tran Van Do Jiri Dolezal Aurélie Dourdain Graham P. Durrheim Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang Corneille E. N. Ewango Teresa J. Eyre Tom M. Fayle Lethicia Flavine N. Feunang Leena Finér Markus Fischer Jonas Fridman Lorenzo Frizzera André L. de Gasper Damiano Gianelle Henry B. Glick Maria Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo Lev Gorenstein Richard Habonayo Olivier J. Hardy David J. Harris Andrew Hector Andreas Hemp Martin Herold Annika Hillers Wannes Hubau Thomas Ibanez Nobuo Imai Gerard Imani Andrzej M. Jagodzinski Stepan Janecek Vivian Kvist Johannsen Carlos A. Joly Blaise Jumbam Banoho L. P. R. Kabelong Goytom Abraha Kahsay Viktor Karminov Kuswata Kartawinata Justin N. Kassi Elizabeth Kearsley Deborah K. Kennard Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Mohammed Latif Khan John N. Kigomo Hyun Seok Kim Carine Klauberg Yannick Klomberg Henn Korjus Subashree Kothandaraman Florian Kraxner Amit Kumar Relawan Kuswandi Mait Lang Michael J. Lawes Rodrigo V. Leite Geoffrey Lentner Simon L. Lewis Moses B. Libalah Janvier Lisingo Pablito Marcelo López-Serrano Huicui Lu Natalia V. Lukina Anne Mette Lykke Vincent Maicher Brian S. Maitner Eric Marcon Andrew R. Marshall Emanuel H. Martin Olga Martynenko Faustin M. Mbayu Musingo T. E. Mbuvi Jorge A. Meave Cory Merow Stanislaw Miscicki Vanessa S. Moreno Albert Morera Sharif A. Mukul Jörg C. Müller Agustinus Murdjoko Maria Guadalupe Nava-Miranda Litonga Elias Ndive Victor J. Neldner Radovan V. Nevenic Louis N. Nforbelie Michael L. Ngoh Anny E. N’Guessan Michael R. Ngugi Alain S. K. Ngute Emile Narcisse N. Njila Melanie C. Nyako Thomas O. Ochuodho Jacek Oleksyn Alain Paquette Elena I. Parfenova Minjee Park Marc Parren Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Sebastian Pfautsch Oliver L. Phillips Maria T. F. Piedade Daniel Piotto Martina Pollastrini Lourens Poorter John R. Poulsen Axel Dalberg Poulsen Hans Pretzsch Mirco Rodeghiero Samir G. Rolim Francesco Rovero Ervan Rutishauser Khosro Sagheb-Talebi Purabi Saikia Moses Nsanyi Sainge Christian Salas-Eljatib Antonello Salis Peter Schall Dmitry Schepaschenko Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Jochen Schöngart Vladimír Šebeň Giacomo Sellan Federico Selvi Josep M. Serra-Diaz Douglas Sheil Anatoly Z. Shvidenko Plinio Sist Alexandre F. Souza Krzysztof J. Stereńczak Martin J. P. Sullivan Somaiah Sundarapandian Miroslav Svoboda Mike D. Swaine Natalia Targhetta Nadja Tchebakova Liam A. Trethowan Robert Tropek John Tshibamba Mukendi Peter Mbanda Umunay Vladimir A. Usoltsev Gaia Vaglio Laurin Riccardo Valentini Fernando Valladares Fons van der Plas Daniel José Vega-Nieva Hans Verbeeck Helder Viana Alexander C. Vibrans Simone A. Vieira Jason Vleminckx Catherine E. Waite Hua-Feng Wang Eric Katembo Wasingya Chemuku Wekesa Bertil Westerlund Florian Wittmann Verginia Wortel Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki Chunyu Zhang Xiuhai Zhao Jun Zhu Xiao Zhu Zhi-Xin Zhu Irie C. Zo-Bi Cang HuiSammendrag
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers.
Forfattere
Michel VerheulSammendrag
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Climate change results in longer growing season, benefitting forage crop production in northern Norway. Wild goose populations take advantage of the increased access to this high-quality feed. European goose populations are increasing, triggering conflicts and economical losses for farmers. A warmer climate may open for higher yielding seed mixtures, with better tolerance against goose grazing. We tested eight different seed mixtures by adding five forage species in various combinations to a traditional, commercial seed mixture in a randomized block design, three replicates. Goose grazing was simulated by weekly cutting small plots (0.25 m2) fixed within 10.5 m2 larger plots. Cumulated biomass in the weekly cut small plots was compared to total yields from the large plots, harvested twice according to normal practice. No significant differences in biomass accumulation between seed mixtures of the weekly cut plots were identified, possibly due to large variation between replicates, harvest years and cutting regime. However, results indicate that several of the new mixtures containing Dactylis glomerata are higher yielding and tolerate intensified cutting better than the traditional mixtures. This suggests that traditional, commercial seed mixtures are not the best for grasslands subjected to intensive geese grazing. goose grazing, Northern Norway, Dactylis glomerata, field study, simulated grazing