Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Arne Stensvand Maria Herrero Håvard Eikemo Andrew Dobson David M. Gadoury Robert C. Seem Catherine Heidenreich Mary Jean WelserSammendrag
Artikkelen gir ein kort omtale av resultat frå eit forskingsprosjekt om mjøldogg i jordbær.
Forfattere
Arne StensvandSammendrag
Artikkelen er ein omtale av Signum (aktive stoff: pyraklostrobin og boskalid) og inkluderer resultat frå utprøvingar av preparatet i Noreg.
Forfattere
Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
I verdensmålestokk er potetcystenematoder (PCN) (Globodera spp.) Kjent som alvorlige skadegjørere på potet. Nematodenes sterke spesialisering til potet som vertsplante har ført til en overlevelsesevne i jord som er stor utfordring for potetdyrkingen. Virulente populasjoner som kan oppformeres på resistent potet er en annen grunn for bekymring. Både den gule arten (yPCN) G. rostochiensis og den hvite arten (wPCN) G.pallida er klassifisert som karanteneskadegjørere og er regulert i Matloven. Bekjempelse av ikke virulent (yPCN) bygger på vekstskifte med resistent potet, ikke-vertsplanter og mottakelig potet. Bekjempelse av wPCN gjøres i dag ved at infiserte bruksenheter legges i karantene i 40 år med dyrkingsforbud for vertsplanter og annen aktivitet som risikere å sprede nematoden.
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Anette Stryken Christer Magnusson Irene Rasmussen Kari-Ann Strandenæs Bonsak HammeraasSammendrag
A survey was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes in the municipality of Lier located in southern Norway. A wide variety of vegetables crops are grown in this area. Soils in Lier are mostly sandy loam, and irrigation is practiced when necessary during the growing season. There is little information on the occurrence on plant parasitic nematodes in vegetables; particularly in areas where farmers have specialized in intensive production, and often grow two to three cultures of vegetables during the growing season. In the year prior to this investigation several crops had been observed with symptoms of attack by plant parasitic nematodes. The aim of this survey was to identify the species responsible for the damage. The emphasis was placed on genera of known economic importance. During the end of the growing season plants showing poor growth or symptoms of nematode damage and plants with healthy appearance were sampled. A total of 74 root samples were collected and assessed for galls and 37 soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres. In the study samples were collected from 7 producers. Five samples were taken from cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis), 4 from broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italica), 8 from pak-choy Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), 8 from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and 1 from celery (Apium graveolens). Soil sampling included 11 samples from areas with fallow, ploughed and rotocultivated land. Root knot nematodes were not recorded in the root samples. In soil samples economically important nematode genera were recorded. Tylenchorhynchus sp. (72.9 % of samples), was the most frequently encountered genus, followed by the species Heterodera cruciferae and other Heterodera spp. (67.5 %), Pratylenchus spp. (54 %), Paratylenchus spp. (29,7 %), and Helicotylenchus spp. (8.1 %). In addition to cyst detections Heterodera juveniles were found in 32.4 % of samples. In all the samples from Pak-choy Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Heterodera cruciferae was recorded, symptoms of nematode damage was also observed in the field. The results of the survey will help in planning future research as well as in developing effective nematode management strategies suitable for vegetable producer particularly in this area. The authors are thankful to the FMLA in Buskerud County for economical support.
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Anette Stryken Christer Magnusson Irene Rasmussen Kari-Ann Strandenæs Bonsak HammeraasSammendrag
A survey was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of plant parasitic nematodes in the municipality of Lier located in southern Norway. A wide variety of vegetables crops are grown in this area. Soils in Lier are mostly sandy loam, and irrigation is practiced when necessary during the growing season. There is little information on the occurrence on plant parasitic nematodes in vegetables; particularly in areas where farmers have specialized in intensive production, and often grow two to three cultures of vegetables during the growing season. In the year prior to this investigation several crops had been observed with symptoms of attack by plant parasitic nematodes. The aim of this survey was to identify the species responsible for the damage. The emphasis was placed on genera of known economic importance. During the end of the growing season plants showing poor growth or symptoms of nematode damage and plants with healthy appearance were sampled. A total of 74 root samples were collected and assessed for galls and 37 soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres. In the study samples were collected from 7 producers. Five samples were taken from cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis), 4 from broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italica), 8 from pak-choy Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), 8 from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and 1 from celery (Apium graveolens). Soil sampling included 11 samples from areas with fallow, ploughed and rotocultivated land. Root knot nematodes were not recorded in the root samples. In soil samples economically important nematode genera were recorded. Tylenchorhynchus sp. (72.9 % of samples), was the most frequently encountered genus, followed by the species Heterodera cruciferae and other Heterodera spp. (67.5 %), Pratylenchus spp. (54 %), Paratylenchus spp. (29,7 %), and Helicotylenchus spp. (8.1 %). In addition to cyst detections Heterodera juveniles were found in 32.4 % of samples. In all the samples from Pak-choy Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Heterodera cruciferae was recorded, symptoms of nematode damage was also observed in the field. The results of the survey will help in planning future research as well as in developing effective nematode management strategies suitable for vegetable producer particularly in this area. The authors are thankful to the FMLA in Buskerud County for economical support.
Sammendrag
Nokre planter er det rett og slett forbod mot å planta, så som pile- og bulkemispel, på grunn av pærebrann. Eit anna døme er ask, der det no er restriksjonar på flytting av planter til smittefrie sonar på grunn av askeskotsjuke. Dessutan er det mange planter som er så utsette for sjukdom at ein bør unngå dei på grunn av redusert prydverdi.
Forfattere
Nina TrandemSammendrag
Gjennomgang av skadedyrmiddel-situasjonen for norske bærdyrkere. Nærmere om norske forsøk med kjemisk og alternativ bekjempelse av fem utvalgte skadedyr de siste årene (bringebærbille, jordbærsnutebille, bringebærbladmidd, stikkelbærbladveps, veksthusspinnmidd)
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
In April 2007, orange-red pustules were found in needle scars on defoliated, dead shoots on a nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) Christmas tree in Rogaland County in south western Norway. A microscope slide made from the pustules revealed Fusarium-macrospores.
Sammendrag
In April 2007, orange-red pustules were found in needle scars on defoliated, dead shoots on a nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) Christmas tree in Rogaland County in south western Norway. A microscope slide made from the pustules revealed Fusarium-macrospores. On average they were 40.2 µm long and 2.9 µm wide (n=50). No microspores were found. A red coloured culture was obtained by transferring spore mass from a sporodochium to PDA (potato dextrose agar) with a sterile needle. The culture was transferred to SNA (spezieller nährstoffarmer agar) where macrospores developed. The majority of the spores had three septa, most of them were slightly curved, apically bent, basal cells were foot shaped, and spores were long and slender. Six singlespore cultures appeared identical on SNA. Two were chosen for an inoculation test. This test took place on 4 June 2007 in a polyethylene tunnel where the plants were kept during the whole experimental period. Nearly fully grown current year shoots on container grown nordmann fir transplants were inoculated by placing PDA agar plugs with fungal growth at the base of some unwounded needles on each shoot. Twelve transplants were used for each of the two isolates. The plants were covered with polyethylene bags for five days. After the bags were removed, the foliage was kept wet throughout the growing season by 1-3 minutes (depending on temperature) overhead irrigation every third hour. Brown shoots developed during the summer regardless of which singlespore isolate that had been used for inoculation. Samples from brown shoots were collected 20 October. No sporodochia, like we found under field conditions in April, had developed on the inoculated shoots. Neither did they develop after incubation in the laboratory. Only a whitish, fluffy mycelium was seen. CZID (Czapek dox iprodione dichloran agar) was used for reisolation from the dead shoots. From each group of 12 inoculated plants, two and three Fusarium-cultures were obtained, respectively. No symptoms were observed and no Fusarium sp. was isolated from the control plants (exposed to same treatment, but agar plugs with no fungal growth had been used). The Fusarium strain could not be accurately identified to species when the FUSARIUM-ID database v. 1.0 (http://fusarium.cbio.psu.edu) was searched with partial sequence of TEF (translation elongation factor 1-"). The original culture plus the two single spore cultures used for inoculation had identical TEF sequences which were most similar to F. acuminatum (97% identity). One out of six single spore cultures from each of the five reisolates, was sequenced. One of them matched the original culture, but the other four were most similar to F. avenaceum (98% identity). Different from the original culture, the F. av.-like isolates had both macro- and microconidia (0-3 septa, oval spore shape). On PDA, the F. ac.-like culture grew 25 mm in 72 hours (dark and 25°C) and the four F. av.-like cultures grew between 32 to 40 mm. They could not be distinguished by colour. Hyphal coils were found on both species, but were most prominent on the F. ac.-like culture. The fact that sequencing revealed involvement of two Fusarium-species, makes is difficult to draw conclusions about pathogenicity, but since the control plants showed no symptoms, there may be indications that the F. ac.-like fungus killed the inoculated shoots and that the F. av.-like fungus came in as a secondary invader from the environment inside or outside the tunnel. F. acuminatum is reported as a pathogen on conifer seeds and seedlings, but to our knowledge this is the first report of a F. ac.-like fungus causing dieback on a Christmas tree.
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag