Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
Presentasjon av en analyse av hydrologien i to nedbørsfelter i Estland og Norge. Analysen aer basert på flashiness indeks. Det er store forskjeller i flashiness indeks mellom Norske og Estiske felt. Analysen kan være et bidrag i forklaringen av forskjeller i næringsstofftap og erosjon. Samtidig kan det gi et bidrag i utformingen av prøvetakingsrutiner.
Sammendrag
An analysis of runoff measurements can reveal a great deal about the hydrological character of a catchment. There are different ways to carry out such a hydrological characterization. In this paper, characterisation of the hydrological behaviour of catchments is carried out by describing the flashiness of the runoff. Flashiness in this case is meant to express the variation in runoff over short periods. A modified flashiness index has been calculated for small agricultural catchments in Estonia and Norway respectively, based on hourly recorded discharges and a comparison has been made with results obtained from a flashiness index, which is based on average daily discharge values. The comparison revealed large differences between the two index values for the Norwegian catchments, indicating large variations in discharge values over short periods or a "flashy" nature in runoff. Only small differences were found for the Estonian catchments. Large differences were found when comparing the Norwegian and Estonian catchments. Although the flashiness index does not a-priori give information about the flow processes, it might be helpful in explaining differences in nutrient and soil losses between catchments.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Dissolved aluminium was fractionated in the field and the laboratory using a cation exchange method. Although absolute differences between results obtained from field and laboratory fractionations were generally small, relative differences, expressed as the ratio between labile aluminium determined after laboratory fractionation (Alll) and that obtained after field fractionation (Allf), could be large. The differences found were not statistically significant, although this may simply reflect the spread in the results. Alll/Allf had no apparent relationship with the temperature difference between the field and the lab. Although some significant correlations were found between Alll/Allf and H+, no significant correlations were found with the equivalent relative difference in {H+} between the lab and the field. Neither was any significant correlation found with dissolved organic carbon.
Forfattere
Aldo Marchetto Rosario Mosello Gabriele A. Tartari John Derome Kirsti Derome Pia Sorsa Nils König Nicholas Clarke Erwin Ulrich Anna KowalskaSammendrag
Working Ring Test (WRT) was organised in the framework of the EU Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 (`Forest Focus`) and of the UN/ECE Program `ICP Forests` in order to evaluate the overall performance of the laboratories monitoring atmospheric deposition and soil solution in European Forests, and to verify the improvement in the analytical quality as the results of the QA/QC work carried out in the laboratories which participated to a previous WRT. Seven natural samples of atmospheric deposition and soil solutions and 5 synthetic solutions were distributed to 52 laboratories, which analysed them using their routine method for the following variables: pH, conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride, total alkalinity, phosphate, total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, aluminium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, total phosphorus, total sulphur and silica. For each variable, a Data Quality Objective was defined, based on the results of the previous WRT, the comparison with the DQOs of other international networks, and the importance of the variable in deposition and soil solution monitoring. It resulted that 38% of the results do not meet the DQO, showing for which variables and in which laboratories improvement in analytical performance is needed. The results of the exercise clearly show that the use of data check procedures, as those described in the ICP Forests manual for sampling and analysis of atmospheric deposition, would make it possible to detect the presence of outliers or results not accurate, and would greatly improve the overall performance of the laboratories. Some analytical methods were found not suitable to the samples used in this WRT, nor to atmospheric deposition samples in European forests, and they include outdated methods, such as turbidimetry or nephelometry for the determination of sulphate, silver nitrate titration and ion selective electrode for chloride, Kjeldahl digestion for the determination of ammonium and organic nitrogen, and colorimetric titrations for alkalinity. A detailed discussion of the analyses of total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and total alkalinity is also provided, as they were the variables for which more analytical difficulty arose. Finally, a comparison between the results of this WRT and those of the previous exercise showed that the analytical performance of the laboratories participating in both WRTs improved as a consequence of the adoption of QA/QC procedures.
Sammendrag
To realize the full potential of agricultural biotechnology, concerns about the possible impact of GM plants on ecosystem properties and functions must be addressed. If transgenic crops substantially affect soil organic matter decomposition and mineralization, this could be of serious concern to many farmers in the developing world, as well as to organic farmers in the developed world. These farmers rely on local residues, organic matter and soil organisms for soil fertility, and there is a risk that this could be reduced if crop products cause a slowing down of the natural processes of decomposition and nutrient release by inhibiting the activity of the soil biota.
Sammendrag
The paper describes the development of the two involved nurseries and the reforestation efforts and results on the two experimental sites at Munda and in Mahamaya
Sammendrag
Sigevann fra deponi med bunntetting, samt fra behandlingsanlegg for organisk avfall, samles opp og forbehandles i et lufte- og sedimenteringsanlegg. Etter forbehandling skal sigevannet infiltreres i grunnen. Det er gjennomført feltundersøkelser med formål og foreslå nytt anlegg for infiltrasjon og overvåking av sigevannet transport til og i grunnvannet. Strømningsforholdene under eksisterende infiltrasjonskummer samt lagdeling i løsmassene er kartlagt med geofysiske metoder. Forslag til nytt infiltrasjonsanlegg samt fremtidig overvåking er gitt. Anlegget foreslås som et todelt infiltrasjonsbasseng i grop ved siden av eksisterende behandlingsanlegg.
Forfattere
Marianne BechmannSammendrag
14 bekker små...
Forfattere
Marianne BechmannSammendrag
Diffuse kilder i jordbruksdominerte områder " hvordan estimerer vi tap av næringsstoffer og partikler.