Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Many areas of algae technology have developed over the last decades, and there is an established market for products derived from algae, dominated by health food and aquaculture. In addition, the interest for active biomolecules from algae is increasing rapidly. The need for CO2 management, in particular capture and storage is currently an important technological, economical and global political issue and will continue to be so until alternative energy sources and energy carriers diminish the need for fossil fuels. This review summarizes in an integrated manner different technologies for use of algae, demonstrating the possibility of combining different areas of algae technology to capture CO2 and using the obtained algal biomass for various industrial applications thus bringing added value to the capturing and storage processes. Furthermore, we emphasize the use of algae in a novel biological process which produces H2 directly from solar energy in contrast to the conventional CO2 neutral biological methods. This biological process is a part of the proposed integrated CO2 management scheme.
Forfattere
Miguel D. Mahecha Markus Reichstein Holger Lange Nuño Carvalhais T. Grünwald Dario Papale G. SeufertSammendrag
Characterizing ecosystem-atmosphere interactions in terms of carbon and water exchange on different time scales is considered a major challenge in terrestrial biogeochemical cycle research. The respective time series currently comprise an observation period of up to one decade. In this study, we explored whether the observation period is already sufficient to detect cross-relationships between the variables beyond the annual cycle, as they are expected from comparable studies in climatology. We investigated the potential of Singular System Analysis (SSA) to extract arbitrary kinds of oscillatory patterns. The method is completely data adaptive and performs an effective signal to noise separation. We found that most observations (Net Ecosystem Exchange, NEE, Gross Primary Productivity, GPP, Ecosystem Respiration, Reco, Vapor Pressure Deficit, VPD, Latent Heat, LE, Sensible Heat, H, Wind Speed, u, and Precipitation, P) were influenced significantly by low-frequency components (interannual variability). Furthermore, we extracted a set of nontrivial relationships and found clear seasonal hysteresis effects except for the interrelation of NEE with Global Radiation (Rg). SSA provides a new tool for the investigation of these phenomena explicitly on different time scales. Furthermore, we showed that SSA has great potential for eddy covariance data processing, since it can be applied as a novel gap filling approach relying on the temporal correlation structure of the time series structure only.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Ecological studies are often confronted with short and fragmented or unevenly sampled time series. Examples are, e.g., time series of biogeochemical fluxes measured on a variety of scales. Characterizing the observed time series patterns, particularly the correlation structure is crucial for an integrated ecosystem assessment or possibly for improved processes understanding.
Sammendrag
Et seminar om fisketurisme ble arrangert i Finnmark den 2.-3 november 2006 på Rica hotell, Alta. Arrangementet var et samarbeid mellom Bioforsk Nord, Norsk Innlandsfiskelag og Fylkesmannen i Finnmark, landbruksavdeling. Målsetting med konferansen -Være en regional møteplass for næringsaktører, forskningsmiljøer, forvaltnings og virkemiddelapparat i Finnmark -Belyse potensialet for fisketurisme i Finnmark og stimulere til økt næringsvirksomhet -Finne ut hvordan man kan utnytte potensialet best mulig Tema som ble tatt opp under seminaret var, status og trender innen fisketurisme i Finnmark, trender i reiselivet, forvaltningen og rammebetingelser, strategier, finansieringsmuligheter, utdanning og kompetanse knyttet til Fisketurisme og forskjellige case innen fisketurisme. Konferansen samlet representanter fra næringen, forvaltning og forskning fra hele landet. I tilegg til de norske deltakerne deltok utenlandske innledere fra Orkneyøyene, Island og Sverige. Fra Sverige deltok også flere næringsaktører. Totalt deltok over 40 personer.
Sammendrag
In the context of an ongoing project on REMote sensing of FORest health (REM-FOR), we analyze airborne high-resolution hyperspectral images of a pine-dominated region in southeast Norway heavily attacked by the Pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, leading to severe defoliation. Leaf Area Index (LAI) is used as a proxy of the crown density, and comparing LAI maps from before and after the attack lead to indicators for damage extent. We discuss the application of the Forest Reflectance Model (FRT) of Kuusk and Nilson, which was designed for the application to (managed) Northern European Forests, to model the spectral response from the canopy. It is based on conventional forest inventory data, species-dependent parametrized crown shapes, canopy LAI, needle clumping index, and needle optical properties. Here, however, we run the model in an inverse mode, by iteratively minimizing the discrepancy between measured and simulated reflectances, and predicting the LAI, keeping known parameters of the model fixed. The LAI values are then compared to those obtained with either ground-based Licor LAI2000 measurements, or with airborne laser-scanning. Some preliminary results of this modelling concept for the case study are discussed.
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
EU-legislation, in particular the Landfill Directive, requires environmental monitoring of landfills, both pre- and post closure. The content of the guidelines of the Nordic countries that are brought together in this report are based on the requirements given in European legislation. Thus, the guidelines in this report are relevant for landfills subject to EU legislation.
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
Sigevann ved Teigen er analysert i alt 6 ganger i 2006, ved tidsproporsjonale blandprøver, samt stikkprøver med utvidet program. Det er tatt prøver av råvann, ut lagune og ut biodam. I tillegg er det tatt prøver fra bekk oppstrøms og nedstrøms anlegget, samt i nærliggende grunnvannsbrønn. Målt sigevannsproduksjon i 2006 var ca. 29 000 m3, eller 57 m3/dag, 25 % høyere enn normalt. Sigevannsanlegget har i gjennomsnitt oppnådd følgende rensegrader: 32 % for KOF, 40 % for Tot-N og 71 % for Tot-Fe. Rensingen er bedre enn i 2005. Rensingen av KOF er lavere enn kravet. Innholdet av organiske miljøgifter og tungmetaller er lavt i renset sigevann, med unntak av en del tungmetaller og ugrasmidler. Det er påvist ugrasmidler i grunnvannet i lave konsentrasjoner nedstrøms. Det er forhøyde konsentrasjoner av jern og nitrogen nedstrøms. Pesticider er også påvist i bekken. Det anbefales at tilsetningen av fosfor fortsetter i vekstsesongen 2007.
Forfattere
Holger LangeSammendrag
The net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of a sequence of threemonoaged Norway spruce stands located in southeast Norway is modelled using the biogeochemical model Biome-BGC. For calibration, we use estimated biomass stocks at the plot level and Leaf Area Index measurements. The model is run for 30 years of historical temperature measurements as well as for a regional climate scenario. It is shown that under current conditions, NEP develops from negative values for a young stand (30 years) to clearly positive for a middleaged (60 years) to slightly negative again for a very old and decaying stand (120 years). However, the old stand benefits substantially from the predicted increased temperatures in the climate scenario, rendering NEP positive again. For the 30 and 60 years stands, almost no change is predicted from Biome-BGC.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag