Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
Transport and turnover of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important in the C cycle of organic soils. The concentration of DOC in soil water is buffered by adsorption to the soil matrix, and has been hypothesized to depend on the pool size of adsorbed DOC. We have studied the effect of frequent artificial excessive leaching events on concentration and flux of DOC in shallow, organic rich mountain soils. Assuming a constant Kd value for DOC adsorption to the soil matrix, we used these data to assess the change in the pool of adsorbed (or potential) DOC in the soil. The study involved manipulation of precipitation amount and frequency in summer and autumn in small, heathland catchments at Storgama, southern Norway. The shallow soils (16 to 34 cm deep on average) limit the possibility for changes in water flow paths during events. The mini-catchments range in size from 75 m2 to 98 m2. Our data show that after leaching of about 1.2 g DOC m-2 the DOC concentration in runoff declines by approximately 50%. From this we conclude that the pool size of adsorbed potential DOC in the shallow soils at any time is of the order 2-3 g m-2. Frequent episodes suggest that the replenishment rate, which depends on the decomposition rate of soil organic matter, is fast and the potential DOC pool could be fully restored probably within days during summer, but with some more time required in autumn, due to lower temperatures. Both pool size of potential DOC and replenishment rate are seasonally dependent. The pool of potential DOC, and thus the DOC concentration in discharge, is at their maximum in the growing season. However, under non-leaching conditions, the concentration of DOC in soil water and thus the pool size of potential DOC seems to level off, possibly due to conversion of DOC to less reversibly bound forms, or to further decomposition to CO2.
Forfattere
Per Stålnacke Annelene Pengerud Marianne Bechmann Josette Garnier Christoph Humborg Vladimir NovotnySammendrag
The major objective of this study was to compile and examine empirical relationships between the driving forces and pressures that affect nitrogen cycling. Special attention was paid to riverine loads, fluxes, and concentrations of nitrogen in relation to agricultural factors (e.g., land use and fertilisers) at various spatial scales (plot, field, catchment, river basin, nation, region, continent, and world). Results of the present analyses and assessments reported in the literature indicate that at global, continental and inter-river basin scales, the level of riverine nitrogen loads (pressures) can be readily derived from simple empirical relationships with driving forces like population density and agricultural factors (e.g., proportion of arable land and fertiliser use). It seems that statistically derived relationships do not hold or are much weaker at the scales of single river basins and smaller catchments, whereas nitrogen losses appear to be correlated with fertiliser use at the smallest scales (plot and field). It is important to recognize this spatial nutrient paradox, particularly when such functional relationships are applied in the contexts of management and decision making. The implications for management are given further consideration in this paper.
Forfattere
Øistein VetheSammendrag
Kort gjennomgang av pågående forskining knyttet til biologisk/våtorganisk avfall i Norge, aktuelle forskningstema og utfordringer framover.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Atle Hauge Erik Joner Pål HaraldsenSammendrag
Dette er et sammendrag for Fangdammer.
Sammendrag
An assessment of the osmotic power potential in Norway is given. The report is confidential; please contact Statkraft for any information on the project.
Sammendrag
The report tests the method for assessing osmotic power potential (developed by Bioforsk, SINTEF and NIVA). The method was found useful in practice and the potential for power production in the Trøndelag counties have been calculated. For more information on the project, please contact Statkraft.
Forfattere
Eva Skarbøvik E Sivertsen A Staalstrøm J Molvær Annelene Pengerud Nils-Otto Kitterød K EngelandSammendrag
A method to assess osmotic power potential has been developed by Bioforsk, SINTEF and NIVA, on commission for Statkraft. For further information on this report, please contact Statkraft.
Forfattere
Eva SkarbøvikSammendrag
Tiltaksveilederen for jordbrukspåvirka vassdrag (http://www.bioforsk.no/tiltak) er utarbeidet for å bistå i arbeidet med å gjennomføre EUs Rammedirektiv for vann (RDV) i Norge. Målgruppen omfatter derfor først og fremst fylkesmenn og kommuner, men kan selvsagt benyttes av andre interesserte. Tiltaksveilederen er finansiert av Statens Landbruks Forvaltning (SLF), som også var initiativtager til prosjektet. Den er utarbeidet av Bioforsk, samt SLF (virkemidler) og Universitet for miljø og biovitenskap, UMB (økonomi). I forbindelse med arbeidet ble det opprettet en referansegruppe bestående av representanter fra Fylkesmenn, Landbrukskontoret, Direktoratet for naturforvaltning, Statens forurensingstilsyn og Statens landbruksforvaltning. Den offisielle nettsiden for gjennomføringen av Rammedirektivet for vann (RDV) i Norge er Vannportalen. På Vannportalen er det link til Hovedveilederen for tiltak, som gir en komplett gjennomgang av alle prosedyrer, rollefordelinger og tidsfrister for gjennomføring av tiltaksplaner.
Forfattere
Adam ParuchSammendrag
Laboratory scale experiment on survival of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in samples of filter media used in constructed wetlands (CWs) treating domestic wastewater was performed. Concentration of E. coli was examined in 42 samples collected from a wetland filter/bed. All samples positive for E. coli contamination were used to assess the effect of storage time at different temperature regimes on the survival of E. coli. Storage time was set up as an unlimited factor, while temperature conditions were limited by three regimes, 4, 10 and 22 degrees. It was found that E. coli had higher persistence in samples collected from the upper, subsurface level comparing to samples taken from deeper levels (35 - 50 cm and 65 - 80 cm). Survival of E. coli in filter media collected below the depth of 35 cm from the surface level of CWs was counted up to 21 days. It was observed, however, that E. coli could survive for 14 months in samples of filter media collected right below the organic layer (5 cm). Concentration of E. coli in these samples, stored at 10 degrees, increased radically during the first 6 months and then rapidly decreased during next 1,5 month of storage. Thereafter, a slow decrease of E. coli numbers was registered up to the level that no E. coli was detected. The highest survival rate was observed in samples stored at 10 degrees, but the longest period of survival was noticed in samples stored at 4 degrees.