Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2020
Forfattere
Linn VassvikSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Fleire og fleire, både offentlege etatar og private hageeigarar, ønsker no å bytte ut kortklipt plen med artsrike blomsterenger. Nokon grunngjev dette med at blomstereng er mindre arbeidskrevjande enn plen fordi den skal slåast berre ein gong i sesongen. Andre vil legge forholda til rette for pollinerande insekt. Uansett motiv vil ei blomstereng vere eit nyttig bidrag for å auke mangfaldet av insekt og planteartar. Pollinerande insekt er avhengige av eit stort mangfald av blomsterartar for å sikre seg mat (nektar og pollen) gjennom heile sesongen. På den andre sida er humler og andre villbier, sommarfuglar, biller og blomsterfluger nødvendige for at blomstrande planter skal kunne formeira seg.
Sammendrag
There has been much recent research interest in the existence of a major axis of life‐history variation along a fast–slow continuum within almost all major taxonomic groups. Eco‐evolutionary models of density‐dependent selection provide a general explanation for such observations of interspecific variation in the "pace of life." One issue, however, is that some large‐bodied long‐lived “slow” species (e.g., trees and large fish) often show an explosive “fast” type of reproduction with many small offspring, and species with “fast” adult life stages can have comparatively “slow” offspring life stages (e.g., mayflies). We attempt to explain such life‐history evolution using the same eco‐evolutionary modeling approach but with two life stages, separating adult reproductive strategies from offspring survival strategies. When the population dynamics in the two life stages are closely linked and affect each other, density‐dependent selection occurs in parallel on both reproduction and survival, producing the usual one‐dimensional fast–slow continuum (e.g., houseflies to blue whales). However, strong density dependence at either the adult reproduction or offspring survival life stage creates quasi‐independent population dynamics, allowing fast‐type reproduction alongside slow‐type survival (e.g., trees and large fish), or the perhaps rarer slow‐type reproduction alongside fast‐type survival (e.g., mayflies—short‐lived adults producing few long‐lived offspring). Therefore, most types of species life histories in nature can potentially be explained via the eco‐evolutionary consequences of density‐dependent selection given the possible separation of demographic effects at different life stages.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Elena Albertsen Øystein H. Opedal Geir Hysing Bolstad Rocio Perez-Barrales Thomas F Hansen Christophe Pelabon William Scott ArmbrusterSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Elena Albertsen Øystein Hjorthol Opedal Geir Hysing Bolstad Rocío Pérez-Barrales Thomas F Hansen Christophe Pelabon William Scott ArmbrusterSammendrag
Spatiotemporal variation in natural selection is expected, but difficult to estimate. Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits provides a good system for understanding and linking variation in selection to differences in ecological context. We studied pollinator‐mediated selection in five populations of Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica and Mexico. Using a nonlinear path‐analytical approach, we assessed several functional components of selection, and linked variation in pollinator‐mediated selection across time and space to variation in pollinator assemblages. After correcting for estimation error, we detected moderate variation in net selection on two out of four blossom traits. Both the opportunity for selection and the mean strength of selection decreased with increasing reliability of cross‐pollination. Selection for pollinator attraction was consistently positive and stronger on advertisement than reward traits. Selection on traits affecting pollen transfer from the pollinator to the stigmas was strong only when cross‐pollination was unreliable and there was a mismatch between pollinator and blossom size. These results illustrate how consideration of trait function and ecological context can facilitate both the detection and the causal understanding of spatiotemporal variation in natural selection.
Forfattere
Svenja B. KroegerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Svenja B. Kroeger Daniel T. Blumstein Kenneth B. Armitage Jane Margaret Reid Julien G.A. MartinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag