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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2023

Abstract

Closing nutrient cycles by bio-based fertilizer products (BFPs) can improve the environmental sustainability of food systems and facilitate a more circular economy. Although the theoretical potential for nutrient recycling has been explored in detail, BFPs still seldom replace mineral fertilizer products in practice. The aim of the present study was to explore the critical enabling and limiting factors for the use of BFPs as seen from the perspective of farmers, suppliers, and civil society. To this aim, qualitative interviews were conducted with seven conventional grain farmers, six suppliers of BFPs, and five representatives of civil society, limited to environmental non-governmental organizations. The presented results illustrate a mismatch between demand and supply. On the one hand, the interviewed farmers were only interested in using BFPs if they are practical to use, balanced with respect to nutrient contents, and potentially provide the same earnings as mineral fertilizers. Positive effects for soil quality were an important driver for many of the farmers. On the other hand, the suppliers of BFPs were generally not able to offer products that fulfilled the farmers’ demands without economic losses, and they emphasized that they have faced several regulatory challenges. Representatives of regional civil society organizations expressed concern that new technical solutions could cause new environmental challenges, and that BFPs could enable further intensification of livestock production. The central-level representatives from the same NGOs, however, were positive about that BFPs can solve environmental problems. Policy instruments will be needed to increase the adoption of PFPs. Fostering BFPs’ that contribute to a sustainable agriculture is important to consider when formulating these polices.

Abstract

Om gjødselprodukt basert på organisk avfall skal erstatte mineralgjødsel må mengde plantetilgjengelig nitrogen være oppgitt. Vi har kartlagt nitrogeneffekten til 25 slike produkt og evaluert hvordan vi best kan bestemme denne i nye ukjente produkt. Resultatene viste at for produkter som har vært gjennom en betydelig nedbrytningsprosess, som for eksempel biorest, er det plantetilgjengelige nitrogenet i all hovedsak lik produktets innhold av ammonium. Resten av nitrogenet er lite tilgjengelig i løpet av vekstsesongen. For faste avfallsprodukt derimot, som i varierende grad er nedbrutt, tørket eller kanskje tilsatt ferskt protein forteller innholdet av ammonium svært lite om nitrogenvirkningen. For slike produkt ligger utfordringen i å skille mellom raskt- og langsomt tilgjengelig nitrogen. Potteforsøk med planter er godt egnet som metode og inkubasjonsforsøk i klima-skap gir resultater som er svært godt korrelert med nitrogeneffekten i potteforsøk. Vi anbefaler at det jobbes videre med å klarlegge sammenhengen mellom nitrogenfrigjøring fra organiske avfallstyper under kontrollerte laboratorieforhold (inkubasjon) og i potteforsøk med et utvalg relevante vekster. Målet må være å etablere en standardisert analysemetode for nitrogenvirkning som kan brukes i produktinformasjon.

Abstract

Rapporten er en del av et forprosjekt som skal gi grunnlag for utarbeidelse av en handlingsplan for god nitrogenutnyttelse i jordbruket. Det er beskrevet en rekke tiltak med potensiale for bedre utnyttelse av nitrogenressursene som forvaltes i norsk jordbruk. For mer detaljer henvises til teksten i rapporten og oversikten i tabell 1. Se side 5 for utfyllende sammendrag.

2022

Abstract

Øksnevad vidaregåande skole har bedt NIBIO om en gjennomgang av forutsetninger og planer for håndtering av hestemøkk og annet organisk avfall på gården. Denne rapporten beskriver muligheter for behandling av hestemøkk som skapes på skolen, og skisserer driftsregime for et komposteringsanlegg.

To document

Abstract

Microplastics ending up in nature as a result of end-of-life processes for plastic packaging is a serious environmental concern, and was addressed in the Packnoplast project through sampling at three sites: one biogas facility in Norway and two thermoplastic recycling plants, one in Norway and one in The Netherlands. The amounts of microplastics ending up in soil from biogas digestate was estimated to represent 0.4-2 mg/kg soil per year if 6 t/daa of biogas digestate is used as fertilizer. Food packaging is estimated to represent 75% of this. The amounts of microplastics measured are significant, but too small to affect soil properties even on a time-scale of decades. The risk of adverse effects on soil quality, plant growth or soil organisms seem very low at the current predicted rates of plastic inputs to soil. Since plastics are virtually non-degradable, they are still prone to accumulate in soil, and waste streams recycled to soil need to address and prevent plastic contamination even better than today. Thermoplastic recycling plants are handling large amounts of plastic, and during processes in the plant, microplastics are generated. Concentrations of microplastic particles varied from 7 to 51 particles per lite rin the effluent water from the two plants. Discharges of effluent water are often through the sewer system and/or into a water body. Today regulations regarding discharges of microplastics are missing. Sand filter treatment of the effluent water was a promising treatment technique to remove the microplastics. Background concentrations of microplastics, comparable to pristine areas, were found in blue mussels sampled outside the thermoplastic recycling plant in Norway. Knowledge about the risk imposed by microplastics to the aquatic environment is today not known.