Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2024
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
1. We propose that the ecological resilience of communities to permanent changes of the environment can be based on how variation in the overall abundance of individuals affects the number of species. Community sensitivity is defined as the ratio between the rate of change in the log expected number of species and the rate of change in the log expected number of individuals in the community. High community sensitivity means that small changes in the total abundance strongly impact the number of species. Community resistance is the proportional reduction in expected number of individuals that the community can sustain before expecting to lose one species. A small value of community resistance means that the community can only endure a small reduction in abundance before it is expected to lose one species. 2. Based on long-term studies of four bird communities in European deciduous forests at different latitudes large differences were found in the resilience to environmental perturbations. Estimating the variance components of the species abundance distribution revealed how different processes contributed to the community sensitivity and resistance. Species heterogeneity in the population dynamics was the largest component, but its proportion varied among communities. Species-specific response to environmental fluctuations was the second major component of the variation in abundance. 3. Estimates of community sensitivity and resistance based on data only from a single year were in general larger than those based on estimates from longer time series. Thus, our approach can provide rapid and conservative assessment of the resilience of communities to environmental changes also including only short-term data. 4. This study shows that a general ecological mechanism, caused by increased strength of density dependence due to reduction in resource availability, can provide an intuitive measure of community resilience to environmental variation. Our analyses also illustrate the importance of including specific assumptions about how different processes affect community dynamics. For example, if stochastic fluctuations in the environment affect all species in a similar way, the sensitivity and resistance of the community to environmental changes will be different from communities in which all species show independent responses.
Authors
Atle Wehn HegnesAbstract
This book analyses the implementation and challenges of using Geographical Indications in Norway. Adapting the modern and global system of Geographical Indications (GIs) to food cultures is a recurring challenge. This text uses Norway as a case study to describe, understand, and explain the socio-cultural adaptation of GIs. The empirical analysis shows that administrators, producers, consultants, and others make a significant effort to adapt the scheme to Norwegian food culture and the food culture to the scheme. Through the development and use of a new conceptual framework, the book continues to show how adaptations occurred and their influence on the development of the Norwegian food culture. The author also reflects upon the status of Norwegian GIs in emerging food cultural contexts related to sustainable and technology change. In summary, this book exhibits the connection between modern global legislative arrangements and traditional local products, providing a springboard for further research on cultural adaptation work of GIs in established and future global food cultures. This book will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, and students in agri-food studies, sociology of food and agriculture, agricultural and rural development, and cultural studies.
2023
Other presentation – Results from experiments on steam soil disinfection against IAP
Zahra Bitarafan
Authors
Zahra BitarafanAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Wiktoria Kaczmarek-DerdaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Marrian Tendai RwiziAbstract
ABSTRACT The dynamics of plant-microbiome interactions under different stress conditions are important to understand in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying forest decline and tree mortality. This study aims to evaluate the importance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in alleviating stress and enhancing defense in Pinus and Picea species. A meta-analysis was performed on primary research articles that assessed effects of ectomycorrhizal fungal on growth and resistance of these tree species. The stress factors studied were drought, pathogen infection, herbivory and pollutant stress. A PRISMA systematic review guideline was used in screening the articles from the two databases Web of Science and SCOPUS. The search produced a total of 1 806 articles, which were further screened by excluding review articles, book chapters, conference papers and other papers that did not include Pinus or Picea species and ectomycorrhizal fungi. A total of 118 articles were assessed and the statistical analysis was conducted as per factor (growth, survival, biotic and abiotic stress). Most of the published articles were on Pinus and a few on Picea. Overall, ectomycorrhizal fungi were found to enhance growth but had no effect on survival, though the results are more confined to Pinus species. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were not effective in alleviating abiotic and biotic stress. There was high heterogeneity among papers and publication bias in the analysis. As a result my analysis did not provide a concrete conclusion in endorsing ectomycorrhizal fungi as promoting conifer growth, survival and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Further research is needed on conifer- soil feedbacks in relation to ectomycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, there is need for conducting more experiments in the field to enable the life strategies of ectomycorrhizal fungi to be brought into sharper focus. This is important because conifer species are of high economic value through producing high quality timber and plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change. Key words: Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pinus, Picea, heterogeneity, publication bias, growth, survival, biotic and abiotic.
Authors
Helge BerglannAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Helge BerglannAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered