Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Forfattere
Mauritz Åssveen Jan Tangsveen Jan B. KvammeSammendrag
Det er ingen offisiell verdiprøving av kornsorter på Sør-Vestlandet. I stedet prøves allerede godkjente bygg- og havresorter og det aller mest interessante nye sortsmaterialet i såkalte veiledningsforsøk. Målet med disse forsøkene er å klarlegge hvilke kornsorter som er best egnet for dyrking i dette området. I 2004 ble det startet en forsøksserie der et utvalg av byggsorter ble prøvd med og uten fungicidbehandling. Denne forsøksserien gikk videre også i 2005. Forsøkene på Sør-Vestlandet gjennomføres i samarbeid med Bioforsk Vest Særheim, Jæren forsøksring og Forsøksringen Agder avdeling Lyngdal.
Sammendrag
I det fireårige prosjektet "Bedre potetkvalitet ved riktig vekstavslutning" er det gjennomført tre dyrkingssesonger. Prosjektet undersøker betydningen av ulik vekstavslutning for kvalitet av poteter. Hovedfokus er på modningsrelaterte egenskaper og tørråtesmitte, men det inkluderes også andre kvalitetsegenskaper som har betydning for ferskkonsum og fritering. I artikkelen presenteres noen modningsrelaterte egenskaper fra tre års feltforsøk med ulik vekstavslutning, kombinert med sorter eller lysgroing.
Forfattere
Mauritz Åssveen Jan Tangsveen Ellen Kristine Olberg Anne Kari Bergjord Olsen Lasse WeisethSammendrag
Tidlige og seine byggsorter, tidlige og seine havresorter, vårhvetesorter, høsthvetesorter og høstrugsorter er prøvd i forsøk på Østlandet. I Midt-Norge prøves tidlige og seine byggsorter og tidlige havresorter. Nye sorter og linjer prøves sammen med de viktigste markedssortene. Etter 3 års prøving kan nye sorter godkjennes for den norske sortslista. Både siste sesongs resultater og sammendrag over år presenteres.
Sammendrag
The effect of clover species and level of concentrate supplementation on milk fatty acid (FA) composition has been studied. White (WC) and red clover (RC) grown in mixture with grasses were preserved in round bales and fed to autumn calving dairy cows during the first 10 weeks of lactation. Milk FA was higher in linolenic acid, vaccenic acid and rumenic acid for RC than for WC silage (0.90 vs. 0.79 %, 1.52 vs. 1.36 %, 0.90 vs. 0.75 % for these 3 FA, respectively), and RC silage gave a higher n-3/n-6 milk FA ratio than WC (0.98 vs. 0.72). Concentrate supplementation decreased the level of vaccenic acid (1.21 vs. 1.68 %), linolenic acid (0.63 vs. 1.05 %) and the n-3/n-6 ratio (0.55 vs. 1.16) as compared with no supplementation, and the effect of supplementation was similar for the two silages
Forfattere
Liv Sognnes Gustav Fystro Samson Øpstad Arve Arstein Trond BørresenSammendrag
In terms of agricultural use, peat soils have weak structure, high water content, insufficient soil aeration and poor thermal properties resulting in suboptimal physical properties and yields of grass. During the period 1978 - 1995, a long-term field trial was conducted on highly decomposed peat soil in order to investigate the impact of adding mineral materials to improve soil characteristics and increase grass yield. Shell sand or moraine soil (200, 400 or 800 m(3) ha(-1)) was incorporated into peat soil. Generally, addition of both shell sand and moraine soil improved the physical properties of the soil and grass production. During the first nine years, shell sand ( 400 m 3 ha(-1)) was the most efficient. Thereafter, moraine soil ( 400 and 800 m(3) ha(-1)) seemed most beneficial. This study indicates that additions of shell sand or moraine soil to peat are appropriate methods to improve and conserve the physical properties and cropping potential of these vulnerable soils.
Forfattere
B. M. Dahal B. K. Sitaula R. M. Bajracharya K. Atreya Alhaji JengSammendrag
Soil and nutrient losses are a major threat to farmland productivity in Nepal. Thus, soil and nutrient losses were monitored and analyzed from two and three crop patterns per year in Ansikhola watershed. Erosion was monitored from multi-terraced garicultural plots consisting of 2 to 3 terraces. The agricultural soil of the watershed was generally rich in terms of organic matter and nutrients (N, P, K). The nitrogen content of soil in leve lowland farm plots was higher in the 2 cropping plots compared to the 3 cropping plots. The soil pH ranged from 4.4 to 5.2 in both intensive and less intensive areas. Soil and nutrient losses were comparitively higher from intensively cropped areas; however, overall losses were less than average losses in other similar watersheds in Nepal.
Forfattere
Helge Bonesmo Stein Rune Karlsen Anne Kjersti Bakken Kjell-Arild HøgdaSammendrag
Seasonal growth and minimum and maximum N content of timothy swards were calculated on the basis of soil and weather data for five sites and five years in Norway. The five sites covered a wide range of the climatic variation among regions with agricultural grass production. For each of the sites and years the daily estimated grass growth was related to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from the MODIS satellite data, and on pixel-by-pixel basis threshold values of the NDVI for grass growth cessation was assessed. On the basis of the threshold values a colour map of the whole country was made, where different colours symbolized altogether four time intervals for suggested/simulated growth cessation of local timothy swards. Finally, minimum and maximum N uptake of timothy swards in the period close to growth cessation was calculated as a basis for the recommendation of local final dates of surface application of cattle slurry.
Sammendrag
This study evaluates the decay and termite resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) treated with 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate (MTFB).Decay resistance tests of unleached samples showed that 2%, 1.5% and 1% concentrations of MTFB (15.4kg/m3, 11.1kg/m3, and 7.4kg/m3, retention levels, respectively) gave less than 2% decay of Postia placenta and concentrations of 2% and 1.5% less than 2% decay of Coniophora puteana.Wood specimens treated with 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate solutions were not protected against the brown rot fungi after a 14-day severe leaching process, suggesting excessive leaching of the chemical from wood. Treatment with 2% concentration protected against subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki based on mass losses in both leached and unleached wood specimens in comparison with lower concentration levels.These results suggest that 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate might be promising to protect wood being used outdoors against termite attack. However, 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate did not protect wood against fungal decay. Field tests are needed to observe the performance of 4-methoxytrityl tetrafluoroborate treated wood in ground contact.
Forfattere
Audun KorsæthSammendrag
Soil mapping by means of the EM38 device is offered commercially in many countries. The most common way to perform the mapping in the field is to tow the instrument on a sled behind a terrain vehicle. This normally involves mounting the instrument at a certain height h above the ground. The measurements of ECa with EM38 are, however, strongly affected by this height. The objective of this research is to find a simple but robust method to correct for the height at which the EM38-measurements were made. Measurements with EM38 were conducted in an field trial with alternative fertilizer applications (0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) to spring barley, at two sites with morainic loam in SE Norway; Apelsvoll Research Centre (60°42"N, 10°51"E) and Kise Research Station (60°46"N, 10°48"E). Two weeks after sowing/fertilization in spring 2003 (May 27), ECa was measured at both sites on all five treatments in three of the 20 replicate blocks on the ground and at 20, 40 and 60 cm above the soil surface. In conclusion, the correction functions presented offer theoretical models to correct EM38-measurements when measuring at an instrument height of 20 cm above the ground surface, a height which is within the interval of what is commonly used in practice for mobile operation of the device.
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Janet Rowe Stig Andersson Christer MagnussonSammendrag
Cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera spp., are recognised throughout the world as economically important parasites of cereals. The virulence status on cereal cultivars differs between and within different species of the H. avenae-complex, and several pathotypes occur among them. A survey during 1995-2005 in Norway revealed that Heterodera spp. is common throughout the country. Studies in Norway have recorded H. filipjevi and also additional and possibly new species. A number of cereal cyst nematode populations from various regions of Norway, Sweden and the British Isles have been analysed using molecular, morphological and host range studies during the last three years. Fifteen populations, of the initial group of forty, are being studied more closely. Studies using isoelectric focusing and silver staining have detected divergent populations of H. avenae. The Swedish populations Ringsåsen seemed to be identical to a population found in Australia and the Swedish population Halland shows a protein profile separate from H. avenae. DNA studies are being used to determine if these populations are new species. An assortment of cereal cultivars, based on an international collection used for resistance testing, differentiates three groups, H. avenae (pathotypes Ha 11 and Ha 12), H. filipjevi (pathotype "West"), and a population from central Norway close to H. pratensis. Knowledge of the diversity of cereal cyst nematodes and their multiplication rates on their cereal hosts is of fundamental importance for efficient control strategies involving resistant cultivars. In Norway, management based on these parameters are in operation and have increased yields and profits to cereal farmers.