Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Tor LunnanSammendrag
Timoteibaserte frøblandingar dominerer i Norge. Timotei har god overvintringsevne, rask etablering, enkel frøavl og god fôrkvalitetet, men toler intensiv drift og beiting dårleg. Raigras- og raisvingelbasert eng er alternativ langs kysten av Sør-Norge. I innlandet er bladfaks og hundegras aktuelle.
Forfattere
Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
Tilførsel av maksimalt tillatt mengde avløpsslam kan gi en betydelig økning i jordas totale fosforinnhold og dermed øke risikoen for fosfortap. Bedret aggregatstabilitet og dermed lavere erosjonsrisiko kan delvis kompensere for den økte risikoen for fosfortap som skyldes store fosfortilførsler med slam.
Forfattere
Lars Nesheim Ivar Bakken Randi Jarstad Oddbjørn Kval-Engstad Jostein Skretting Arne Vagle Kjell VastveitSammendrag
Firmaet Agromiljø AS har utvikla ein metode for å blande frø og husdyrgjødsel i samband med spreiing av gjødsla med stripespreiar eller nedfellar. Metoden vert kalla våtsåing. I eit treårig brukarstyrt prosjekt har ein samanlikna våtsåing av eng- og åkervekstar med tradisjonelle metodar for etablering av grasmark og åker. Prosjektet er gjennomført av Bioforsk Midt-Norge i samarbeid med fleire lokale einingar av Norsk Landbruksrådgiving.
Sammendrag
Plant responses to elevated CO2 are governed by temperature, and at low temperatures the beneficial effects of CO2 may be lost. To document the responses of winter cereals grown under cold conditions at northern latitudes, autumn growth of winter wheat exposed to ambient and elevated levels of temperature (+2.5°C), CO2 (+150 µmol mol-1), and shade (-30%) was studied in open-top chambers under low light and at low temperatures. Throughout the experiment, temperature dominated plant responses, while the effects of CO2 were marginal, except for a positive effect on root biomass. Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers, but also a lower content of total sugars and a weaker tolerance to frost. The loss of frost tolerance was related to the larger size of plants grown at elevated temperature. The 30% light reduction under shading did not affect the growth, sugar content, or frost tolerance of winter wheat. At the low temperatures found at high latitudes during autumn, the atmospheric CO2 increase is unlikely to enhance autumn growth of winter wheat to any significant extent, while a temperature increase may have important and major effects on its development and growth.
Forfattere
Ommo Hüppop V Dierschke Sverre Kobro J DierschkeSammendrag
The number of Bullfinches recorded on the offshore island of Helgoland (SE North Sea) in the autumn migration periods (late September to late December) from 1972 to 2009 are negatively correlated to the supply of rowanberries in Norway. Many Bullfinches only occurred, when this important winter food was scarce in Norway. As such correlation was found also for trapping sites at the Baltic Sea (Christiansø, Falsterbo), irruptively migratory behaviour of Scandinavian Bullfinches appears to act on a large geographical scale. This is underlined by the results of a linear model, showing that the occurrence of Bullfinches at Helgoland is best explained by trapping numbers in Falsterbo and their interaction with rowanberriy supply in Norway. Actually, not all invasions recorded at Falsterbo reach Helgoland, probably due to its situation far offshore: migrating passerines do not cross the German Bight in any weather situation, but instead often follow the coastline without touching Helgoland. It is stressed that data collected unsystematically are appropriate for analyses of invasions.
Sammendrag
Development of ontogenic resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis) on strawberry leaves has been reported, however, the components of resistance have not been elucidated. Five developmental stages of strawberry leaves were identified and assigned numerical values from newly emerged and unexpanded (S1) to fully expanded and dark green (S5) of cvs. Korona and Senga Sengana. The upper and lower surface of the leaves were inoculated from each of the five leaf developmental stages and incubated under controlled conditions. The effect of leaf age on germination, infection efficiency, latency period, and sporulation were later evaluated. All responses were significantly (p = 0.05) affected by leaf age. Germination percentage, infection efficiency, and sporulation were highest, and latent periods were shortest on S1 leaves of both cultivars. On Senga Sengana, germinating conidia produced fewer secondary hyphae during infection. Conidia produced very few secondary hyphae and did not sporulate on S3 leaves, and no infections established on S4 or S5 leaves. The high success of infection and colonization of P. aphanis on S1 leaves indicates that disease is established preferentially on emergent and expanding leaves and these should be the target of management strategies.
Sammendrag
Development of ontogenic resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis) on strawberry leaves has been reported, however, the components of resistance have not been elucidated. Five developmental stages of strawberry leaves were identified and assigned numerical values from newly emerged and unexpanded (S1) to fully expanded and dark green (S5) of cvs. Korona and Senga Sengana. The upper and lower surface of the leaves were inoculated from each of the five leaf developmental stages and incubated under controlled conditions. The effect of leaf age on germination, infection efficiency, latency period, and sporulation were later evaluated. All responses were significantly (p = 0.05) affected by leaf age. Germination percentage, infection efficiency, and sporulation were highest, and latent periods were shortest on S1 leaves of both cultivars. On Senga Sengana, germinating conidia produced fewer secondary hyphae during infection. Conidia produced very few secondary hyphae and did not sporulate on S3 leaves, and no infections established on S4 or S5 leaves. The high success of infection and colonization of P. aphanis on S1 leaves indicates that disease is established preferentially on emergent and expanding leaves and these should be the target of management strategies.
Forfattere
Lone Ross GobakkenSammendrag
An evident change in climate the last decades has been recorded, and combined effects of increased CO2, elevated temperature and altered precipitation regimes have been observed to represent a change to the fundamental drivers within ecosystems. Growth of moulds, both in nature and on man-made constructions and objects, will most likely increase due to changes in the climate. The survival, the reproduction, the dispersal and the geographic distribution of moulds are decided by both direct and indirect effects of climate change. Not only the moulds, but also their hosts and substrates, possible competitors and enemies will be affected by climate change. It is essential to understand the interactions between the members in these ecosystems to be able to control and predict future development of moulds. The effect of introducing new building directives, environmental friendly materials and products which are meant to oblige the demand for more climate friendly buildings and houses, is an aspect that may generate unexpected and unintended mould growth on man-made constructions and objects. Future research should focus on the interaction between the moulds, the hosts, the substrates and the climatic factors, and what implications future changes in building directives and housing policy will have on mould growth.
Sammendrag
In 2008, severe outbreaks of Neonectria canker were found on white fir (Abies concolor) in southern Norway, and a Neonectria sp. was isolated from two counties in southwestern Norway and four counties in southeastern Norway. Both old and young trees were dead or dying. The same Neonectria sp. was also isolated from Siberian fir (A. sibirica), subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa), and Norway spruce (Picea abies) in southeastern Norway. Previously N. fuckeliana had been reported on spruce species in Norway and on spruce and fir species in other countries. Sequencing of the internal transcribed regions (ITS) of ribosomal DNA showed that all of the isolates from 2008 were identical and were more similar to N. ditissima (syn. N. galligena) than to N. fuckeliana. The isolates were five base pairs different from N. ditissima, and they may in the future be considered a new species. The perithecia were dark around the ostiole. This morphological characteristic is known from N. ditissima, but not from N. fuckeliana. Inoculation tests were carried out on subalpine fir, white fir, and Norway spruce, and the fungus was pathogenic on all inoculated species. Thiophanate-methyl proved very effective against Neonectria sp. in laboratory fungicide trials.
Sammendrag
The coastal heath region along the western coast of Norway, dominated by Calluna vulgaris, is undergoing rapid change. Vegetation changes are caused by changes in management, including reduced frequency or abandonment of periodic heath burning and reduced cutting and grazing. The islands of Froan, in the outermost part of Sør-Trøndelag County in mid-western Norway, are dominated by coastal heath in a state of recession due to reduced traditional land use. The coastal heath is acknowledged as vulnerable and valuable by national environmental authorities, and local landscape management is supported by different national subsidies. The authors mapped the vegetation on Froan and used rule-based GIS-modelling to predict the relative potential for future vegetation changes. The model was based on a range of map layers, including management themes such as history of heath burning and peat removal, current practices of sheep grazing, and also themes derived from the vegetation map, such as soil nutrients, soil moisture and present management status. The resulting model output provides relative probabilities of future changes under different land-use scenarios, and highlights where management efforts should be focused in order to maintain the traditional landscape character.