Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Jens Rohloff Inger Martinussen Eivind Uleberg Olavi Junttila A Hohtola Laura Jaakola Hely HäggmanSammendrag
The fruit quality of European blueberry (EB) is mainly determined by taste compounds (sugars, acids, flavour) and health-beneficial structures generally denoted as antioxidants (vitamin C, phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins). Content and compound composition is strongly affected by the growth environment regarding light, temperature, water and edaphic factors. In order to assess genotypic relationships (northern and southern clones of EB) and environmental impact (temperature, day length) on berry quality parameters, a high-throughput system for blueberry metabolite profiling of nutritional compounds was established based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Dried methanol/H2O extracts from fresh-frozen berry tissue were derivatized, and subjected to GC/MS in order to detect polar compounds such as organic acids from Krebs-cycle, amino acids, sugars, polyols, and partly secondary metabolites (phenols, flavonoids). In addition, general quality parameters such as total phenols, total anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were measured. Fructose (5 g), glucose (5 g), and sucrose (0.5 g/ 100 g f.w. at average) were the most abundant carbohydrates, together with high levels of organic acids such as citric acid (1.3 g), quinic acid (1.6 g), and malic acid (0.3 g/ 100 g f.w. at average). More than 50 metabolites per sample (identified compounds and not-annotated mass spectral tags) could be detected, and established the basis for multivariate statistics using principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and metabolite network analysis. Genotypic differences, modulation of metabolite pools and biosynthetic relationships are being discussed in-depth
Sammendrag
The Skuterud catchment is a small artificially drained agricultural catchment, located in south eastern Norway. The total area of the catchment is 4.5 km2 of which agriculture covers 2.7 km2, forest 1.3 km2 while the rest is occupied by urban area. The main agricultural crops are wheat, barley and oat. The climate is cold temperate continental or subarctic with a winter season, lasting from November -March and characterized by periods with below-zero temperatures and a varying degree of snow cover, interchanged with thaw periods combined with precipitation and runoff. In Norway, melt water, causing surface runoff, is one of the most serious reasons for erosion, in addition to near-saturated soil moisture conditions after longer periods with rainfall during the autumn. Climate change can potentially lead to an increase in the number of freeze/thaw cycles which in addition to the predicted increase in precipitation during the period after the growing season from September - April, might lead to an increase in both the amount of runoff and its intensity, with subsequent adverse effects on erosion and nutrient loss. Models are indispensable tools in the prediction of climate change effects on runoff generation. In this respect, the Drainmod model has been tested on the Skuterud catchment concerning its ability to predict runoff from an artificially drained agricultural catchment under prevailing winter conditions. The results are presented in this paper. If proven successful, the model can be used to predict the long term hydrologic impacts of climate change for the Norwegian conditions
Sammendrag
Most fungicide applications targeting apple scab aim to control primary infections caused by ascospores and spraying is thereby linked to ascospore availability. We investigated the effect of pre bud break climatic conditions on seasonal patterns of ascospore release. Apple leaves bearing pseudothecia of Venturia inaequalis were overwintered at orchard sites in 8 countries for up to 3 years. Leaf samples were collected 2 to 5 weeks before bud break and again at bud break, air dried, and sent via airmail to Norway. The samples were stored at -18ºC upon arrival until tested. Disks cut from each replicate leaf sample were incubated moist at 20ºC to allow ascospore maturation but prevent discharge. Matured ascospores were induced to discharge twice a week and enumerated until the supply was exhausted. The proportion of ascospores ejected was fitted against degree-day accumulation using logistic regression. The regression intercept (onset maturation), slope (maturation rate), as well as the absolute number of spores counted differed significantly (P< 0.001, P = 0.05, P< 0.001 respectively) among sites and sampling dates. There was a significant interaction between site and sampling date, indicating that climatic conditions prior to bud break differentially impacted the subsequent ascospore availability. Observed differences could perhaps be used to further refine previously described models of ascospore maturity.
Forfattere
Lars Tørres Havstad Oleif Elen John Ingar Øverland Stein JørgensenSammendrag
I frøeng av timotei og engsvingel hvor det er en del soppangrep tilsier erfaringene fra årets og tidligere års forsøk at soppsprøyting ofte vil være lønnsomt. Beste tidspunkt for sprøyting vil avhenge av værforholda i vekstsesongen. I 2009 var det fuktigere vær, og dermed bedre vilkår for soppsjukdommer, i siste enn i første halvdel av vekstsesongen. I et felt i Vestfold med engsvingel var de fuktige værforholda trolig årsak til at sein sprøyting ved Z 50 gav bedre beskyttelse og høyere frøavling enn ruter som var sprøytet tidligere i vekstsesongen (Z 31). Ved å sprøyte enga to ganger, både ved Z 31 og Z 49, tar en høyde for mulige soppangrep både tidlig og seint i vekstsesongen og får dermed en lengre beskyttelsesperiode. I middel av alle tre felt med timotei i 2008-09 og ett felt med engsvingel i 2009, hvor det var en del smitte av brunflekk, ble de høyeste frøavlingene og best lønnsomhet oppnådd på ruter som var sprøytet med kombinasjonen 75 g/daa Acanto Prima ved Z 31 og 40 ml/daa Proline ved Z 49. I de to artene førte denne bekjempingsstrategien til at frøavlingen økte med henholdsvis 10 og 28 prosent sammenlignet med usprøyta ruter I ett forsøk med engsvingel i Hedmark i 2009 hvor det var lite soppangrep var det ikke lønnsomt å bruke soppmiddel. Det er derfor nødvendig med flere forsøk før endelig anbefaling om soppsprøyting kan gis.
Sammendrag
I løpet av de siste årene har det vært økt oppmerksomhet på de uheldige miljøkonsekvensene som følge av høy fosforavrenning til utsatte vann og vassdrag. I samme periode er innsatsen knyttet til fosforgjødsling styrket betydelig. Som en følge av dette er nå normen for fosforgjødsling til korn, eng/beite og potet redusert og det er utarbeidet en ny og nedjustert korreksjonskurve for fosforgjødsling i forhold til jordas P-AL-nivå. Etter de nye gjødslingsanbefalingene til korn og eng anbefales det å gjødsle med like mye fosfor som det fjernes med avlingene når P-AL er 5-7. Det er mye som tyder på at det gjødsles med fosfor en god del over norm i flere av feltene, spesielt der det er mye husdyr.
Forfattere
Svein EilertsenSammendrag
Rapporten er en konsekvensutredning vedrørende reindrift ved utbygging av Nord-Salten Alpinanlegg ved Innhavet i Hamarøy kommune. Etablering av alpinanlegg gir liten negativ konsekvens for reindrifta i utredningsområdet. Forutsetningen er at all aktivitet i og rundt alpinanlegget opphører i den perioden reinen flyttes gjennom utredningsområdet (foreslått som avbøtende tiltak). Konsekvensene for reindrifta i anleggsfasen av etablering av Nord-Salten alpinanlegg vil avhenge av i hvilken grad utbygger tar hensyn til reindrifta. De store negative konsekvensene for reindrifta kan minimaliseres ved at arbeidet legges til perioder på året da enten reinen ikke benytter området (foreslått som avbøtende tiltak). Det er viktig med god kommunikasjon mellom reinbeitedistriktet og driver av alpinanlegget for å sikre at det tas hensyn til reindrifta innenfor utredningsområdet til alpinanlegget.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The Hungarian Detailed Soil Hydrophysical Database, called MARTHA ver2.0 has been developed to collect information on measured soil hydraulic and physical characteristics in Hungary. Recently this is the largest detailed national hydrophysical database, containing controlled information from a total of 15,005 soil horizons. Two commonly used pedotransfer functions were tested to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions on the MARTHA data set, representative for Hungarian soils. In general, the application of both examined pedotransfer functions (Rajkai, 1988; Wösten et al., 1999) was not very successful, because these PTFs are representative for other soil groups. The classification tree method was used to evaluate the effect of soil structure on the goodness of estimations. It was found that using the soil structure data the inaccuracies of soil water retention predictions are more explainable and the structure may serve as a grouping variable for the development of class PTFs.
Sammendrag
Side effects related to liming have been studied in four dimictic lakes (553-642 ma.s.l.; 59 degrees 57'N) in Finnemarka, a forested area in Southern Norway with poor catchment buffer capacity. Data series from lake profiles have been sampled two decades apart; 10 years prior to liming and after 10 years of liming. Water samples were collected during spring after ice breakup and during summer after the development of thermal stratification. Before liming, there were very low concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3-; or alkalinity) in the lakes. After 10 years of liming, up to 90% of the ions in hypolimnion originate from lime products. Hence, liming strengthened the chemical stratification and increased the vertical stability. Differences in chemocline developments between lakes were explained by differences in physical properties, i.e. their depth/surface area ratio. The chemocline developments lead to increased concentrations of organic matter in the hypolimnion with a subsequent reduction in oxygen concentrations. Lime additions during late spring, as an alternative to early autumn, lead to pronounced anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion.
Forfattere
Arnstein Staverløkk May-Guri Saethre Trond HofsvangSammendrag
The history of Harmonia axyridis and a summary of surveillance and research in Norway till June 2009 are given. H. axyridis was assessed as a potential bio-control agent for use in Norwegian greenhouses in 2001. The risk of establishment outdoors was assessed too high and no permission was given. The first record in Norway was in 2006 when one adult was found on Thuja sp. imported from the Netherlands. In late 2007 and throughout 2008 adults were found indoors/outdoors at several locations in the Oslo-area. Establishment outdoors became evident. Observations in Aust-Agder, Vestfold and Trondheim revealed further spread/introduction to new areas. The bioclimatic potential of H. axyridis was assessed in 2007 by the aid of CLIMEX using national agrometeorological data, showing that suboptimal microclimates for the species can be found in the coastal areas of the south. In late 2008 a web-site was launched aiming to engage the public to submit observations on-line and has contributed to monitor development of the species across the country. Competition experiments with H. axyridis and Coccinella septempunctata in 2008/2009 showed that only H. axyridis eggs and larvae survived when the two species were mixed.