Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Bente Kirkhus Britt I.F. Henriksen Aina Lundon G.I. Borge J-E Haugen G. VogtSammendrag
Camelina is an underexploited oilseed crop that may be well suitable for cropping innorthern areas. The oil is particularly high in the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for secure production of high quality edible oil from organically grown camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz), focusing on the effects ofenvironmental parameters on oil content, fatty acid composition and contents of phytosterols and tocopherols. Field experiments with pre-crop barley were conducted in the growing seasons 2007, 2008 and 2009. Trials were fully randomized with two levels of Nitrogen (N) fertilization, 0 and 120 kg total Nha-1, and two levels of Sulphur (S) fertilization, 0 and 20 kg total S ha-1. Additional experiments were performed in 2009 in order to evaluate the effects of replacing pre-crop barley with pre-crop pea. Crude oils were obtained by usinga pilot press and the fatty acid composition and contents of phytosterols and tocopherols were analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS. The results showed significantseasonal variations in the contents of fatty acids, tocopherols andphytosterols. Furthermore, significant effects of N-fertilization were observed, with increased contents of C18:3n-3, erucic acid (C22:1) and γ-tocopherol at the highest level of N-fertilization. Pea compared to barley as pre-crop also increased the content of C18:3n-3. There were no effects of S-fertilization. Principal component analysis revealed positive correlations between the contents of C18:3, C22:1, γ-tocopherol and phytosterols, in particular brassicasterol. In conclusion, camelina seems to be well suitable for organic cropping. The oil quality was influenced by season and N-fertilization, still, the variation in nutrient content was small.
Sammendrag
Tracers can be used to monitor emisions of leachate from landfills, in order to detect hydrological pathways and to evaluate environmental pollution. We investigated the occurrence of the stable carbon isotope ratio (13C measured in dissolved inorganic carbon, or d13C-SCO2) and tritium (3H), in addition to parameters commonly found in relatively high concentrations in leachate such as chloride (Cl), organic matter (COD), nitrogen (Total and NH4-N), iron (Fe), electrical conductivity and pH. The sampling was performed at seven landfills in the south-eastern part of Norway during a period of 5 years. The objective was to evaluate the potential for tracing leachate in the environment with emphasis on groundwater pollution. By analyzing the d13C-SCO2 ratio in leachates, ground waters and surface waters the influence of leachate can be identified. The content of d13C-SCO2 varied from -5.5 to 25.9‰ in leachate, from -25.4 to 14.7‰ in groundwater, and varied between -19.7 to -13.1‰ in creeks. A comparison of the content of carbon isotope ratio with the concentrations of the compounds COD, electrical conductivity, Total- and NH4-N, Cl and Fe showed that d13C-SCO2 is a good tracer for leachate due to higher sensitivity compared to other parameters. The mean concentration of all the studied parameters was higher in the leachate samples, however, only the carbon isotope ratio showed significant differences between all of the groups strongly and weakly polluted and unpolluted samples, showing that it can be used as a practical tracer for lechate in groundwater and surface water. The carbon isotope ratioshowed strong correlation between nitrogen and electrical conductivity, and bicarbonate, but not with pH. Tritium was only found sporadically in low concentrations and is considered not suitable as a tracer at the sampled locations.
Forfattere
Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
In 1955 the potato cyst nematode was recorded for the first time in Agder. This detection produced the initial legislation of PCN control, and was implemented based on the statutory regulation of 1916. Since 1956 PCN was given quarantine status in infested agricultural land and home gardens. Official controls of certified seed potatoes started in 1939. Each year about 3000 soil samples are analyzed for PCN to clear areas for certified seed potato production. These areas are so far free of PCN. The total acreage with seed potatoes in 2009 was 813.7 Ha. Extensive surveys started in 1955; and were carried uninterrupted until the end of the 1990ties. These surveys included producing potato agricultural land and home gardens. In 2009 a new national survey program for the principal potato districts has started, the surveys is aimed to update the PCN occurrence. The surveys will continue during the subsequently years until all major potato areas will be cover. Statutory regulations for PCN from 1956-2010 to Support to Norwegian Food Safety Authority The regulations have without doubt contributed in preventing PCN infestations in the seed potato areas, and probably also prevented further spreading of wPCN and virulent yPCN as each the find has been placed under quarantine. Permanent grass as a statutory regulation in home garden plots may have contributed to reduce the spread of wPCN to commercial fields. The regulations have most probably made possible the early reduction in use of chemical fumigants, organophosphates or carbamate nematicides. These chemicals have not been used since the early 1970s. The domestic production of seed potato has been kept free of PCN by frequent inspections and analyses for more than 50 years. The fact that farmers are not allowed to import seed potatoes adds to the level of security. New project Studies on the biology of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.) under Nordic conditions for improving management and regulation in Norway. To increase the scientific basis for amending the management system for PCN, Globodera spp under Nordic conditions.
Forfattere
Venche Talgø Leif Sundheim Halvor B. Gjærum Maria Herrero Aruppillai Suthaparan Brita Toppe Arne StensvandSammendrag
This paper presents powdery mildew species recorded on woody ornamentals, with special emphasis on the latest arrivals; Erysiphe flexuosa on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Erysiphe syringae-japonicae on lilac (Syringa vulgaris) and Podosphaera spireae on white spirea (Spiraea betulifolia). The two former were found in 2006, while the latter was first detected in 2008. Chasmothecia (formerly named cleistothecia) were not found on white spirea until 2010. Several locations seemed to have optimal conditions for development of powdery mildew diseases in 2006. That year the long established Sawadaea bicornis on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), was found for the first time on tatarian maple (Acer tataricum ssp. ginnala) and one cultivar from hedge maple (Acer campestre "Red Shine"). Also several species and cultivars of Rhododendron had massive attacks of powdery mildew in 2006. In 2010, chasmothecia of E. azaleae were found on severely affected R. "Magnifica" in western Norway. Most powdery mildew species are host specific, but especially Phyllactinia guttata has a wider host range, e.g. hazel (Corylus spp.) and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior).
Forfattere
Kyrre Linné Kausrud Jean-Claude Grégoire Olav Skarpaas Nadir Erbilgin Marius Gilbert Bjørn Økland Nils Christian StensethSammendrag
Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) feed and breed in dead or severely weakened host trees. When their population densities are high, some species aggregate on healthy host trees so that their defences may be exhausted and the inner bark successfully colonized, killing the tree in the process. Here we investigate under what conditions participating with unrelated conspecifics in risky mass attacks on living trees is an adaptive strategy, and what this can tell us about bark beetle outbreak dynamics. We find that the outcome of individual host selection may deviate from the ideal free distribution in a way that facilitates the emergence of tree-killing (aggressive) behavior, and that any heritability on traits governing aggressiveness seems likely to exist in a state of flux or cycles consistent with variability observed in natural populations. This may have implications for how economically and ecologically important species respond to environmental changes in climate and landscape (forest) structure. The population dynamics emerging from individual behavior are complex, capable of switching between “endemic” and “epidemic” regimes spontaneously or following changes in host availability or resistance. Model predictions are compared to empirical observations, and we identify some factors determining the occurrence and self-limitation of epidemics.
Forfattere
Jon Anders Stavang Henrik TellevikSammendrag
Friske bringebær til konsum er ei attraktiv vare som blir etterspurd året rundt. Med produksjonsklare bringebærplanter (langskot) kan ein produsere bringebær utanfor frilandssesongen i veksthus eller i plasttunnelar. Då er prisane gode og berekningar viser at denne produksjonen kan verte ein lønsam måte å produsere bringebær på. Prismessig konkurrerer ein då med importbær. I 2009 vart det produsert over 2 500 tonn bringebær i Noreg, og av dette gjekk om lag 800 tonn til friskkonsum. Vi har lite erfaring med dyrking av produksjon av bringebær på langskot utanfor sesong i veksthus. Denne dyrkingsvegleiaren er utvikla over tre år (2009-2011) og byggjer på forskingsresultat som har kome fram i prosjekt støtta av Noregs Forskingsråd, Gartnerhallen, to prosjekt støtta av Innovasjon Noreg, og Regionalt Forskningsfond Vestlandet (BRINGINN). Bioforsk Ullensvang og Norsk Landbruksrådgjeving har fått økonomisk støtte frå Fylkesmannen si landbruksavdeling i Hordaland til å skrive denne rettleiinga. Vi rettar ei særleg takksemd til Bjørkevoll Gartneri som har gjort ein vesentleg eigeninnsats for å utvikle denne produksjonen, og dermed bidrege til denne rettleiaren.
Forfattere
Jon Anders Stavang Henrik TellevikSammendrag
Friske bringebær til konsum er ei attraktiv vare som blir etterspurd året rundt. Med produksjonsklare bringebærplanter (langskot) kan ein produsere bringebær utanfor frilandssesongen i veksthus eller i plasttunnelar. Då er prisane gode og berekningar viser at denne produksjonen kan verte ein lønsam måte å produsere bringebær på. Prismessig konkurrerer ein då med importbær. I 2009 vart det produsert over 2 500 tonn bringebær i Noreg, og av dette gjekk om lag 800 tonn til friskkonsum. Vi har lite erfaring med dyrking av bringebær på langskot utanfor sesong i veksthus. Denne dyrkingsvegleiaren er utvikla over tre år (2009-2011) og byggjer på forskingsresultat som har kome fram i prosjekt støtta av Noregs Forskingsråd, BAMA, Gartnerhallen, to prosjekt støtta av Innovasjon Noreg og eitt prosjekt støtta av Regionalt Forskningsfond Vestlandet (BRINGINN).
Sammendrag
Styrt beitedrift ved bruk av inngjerding kan være en løsning for å unngå store tap til rovvilt. Det er imidlertid en oppfatning at denne driftsformen kan være en utfordring med hensyn til dyrevelferd, helse og kjøttproduksjon. I løpet av en tre-års periode har Bioforsk Nord Tjøtta kartlagt åtte sauebesetninger med tilhørende fem beiteområder i Indre Namdal, som benytter denne driftsformen. Målet med prosjektet er å finne en god balanse mellom arealgrunnlaget og dyretall ved hjelp av estimering av beitekapasitet, og velferdsvurdering av sauene for å sikre god dyrevelferd og tilfredsstillende kjøttproduksjon på inngjerdete beitearealer. Dette prosjektet viser at det er mulig å oppnå tilfredsstillende dyrevelferd og produksjonsresultater på inngjerdet beite men at det krever en del oppfølging av dyrene i beitesesongen, spesielt med hensyn til parasittproblematikk og beitetilgang.
Redaktører
Tonje Økland Nurbek Kuldanbaev Odd EilertsenSammendrag
The collapse of the Soviet Union in the Central Asian countries has led to enormous challenges for them in ensuring a sustainable environment. Weak economies and lack of expertise in environmental sciences were important reasons for the Norwegian support to the environmental sector in this region. The State Forest Service of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Norwegian Forestry Group initiated the TEMP project, later renamed TEMP-CA, in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2004. Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan were included in 2007 and in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2008.
Sammendrag
Two new species of Schistidium Bruch & Schimp., S. riparium H.H.Blom, Shevock, D.G.Long & Ochyra, and S. mucronatum H.H.Blom, Shevock, D.G.Long & Ochyra, are described and illustrated. They occur in rheophytic habitats in China, S. riparium in the southern Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan Province (Lancang Jiang and Nu Jiang catchments) and S. mucronatum from further north, on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau of Sichuan and Qinghai Provinces (Jinsha Jiang and Huang He catchments). The affinities of the new species are discussed and on the basis of their concave and broadly canaliculate leaves with plane and erect margins, S. riparium is tentatively placed in Schistidium Bruch & Schimp. subgen. Canalicularia Ochyra, whereas S. mucronatum on account of its keeled, ovate-lanceolate leaves and the strongly curved and twisted peristome teeth resembles very much species of sect. Apocarpiformia (Kindb.) Ochyra within subgen. Apocarpa Vilh.