Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Celine Rebours Margarita Novoa GarridoSammendrag
Culture of marine finfish species is expanding with emphasis on Atlantic cod production in northern Europe. These new species have their own ectoparasite problems requiring treatment and the use of wrasse is highly successful in controlling sea lice without adding pharmaceuticals to the marine environment (e.g. Deady et al., 1995). To establish a cleaner fish production, the first step is to develop productive broodstock and determine the management practices. In the summer 2008, wild Labrus bergylta were caught to establish an adequate breeding population (Ottesen et al., 2008). These preliminary studies were conducted to identify potential problems regarding the domestication of the ballan wrasse. Fish caught from the wild have difficulty to adapt to transport and / or captivity. As a result, negative indicators have been observed such as interspecies aggression, reduction/lack of maturity, reduced appetite and diseases. The work reported here focuses on this last point and reviews the potential of microalgae to reduce the bacterial disease pressure on L. bergylta in captivity.
Forfattere
Ignace Godonou Segolene Leclercq Ghislain Tepa Yoto Braima James May-Guri SaethreSammendrag
Aphids are recognised worldwide as economically important pests in vegetable production systems. Synthetic pesticides are used against aphids and pose a great risk to the environment, human health and beneficial biodiversity. Aphid species, their natural enemies, their vegetable and weed hosts were poorly documented in Benin. A study was undertaken at 31 vegetable production sites across Benin to identify the aphid species, their host plants, and their natural enemies. The level of aphid infestation and damage to vegetables were also recorded. 17 out of 31 vegetable species surveyed were commonly infested and damaged by aphids. Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora and Lipaphis erysimi were recorded on a wide range of vegetable species, while Myzus persicae where recorded on Brassica rapa and Solanum macrocarpon only. 44 weeds where recorded associated with vegetables and 25 where infested with aphids. Commelina benghalensis, Trianthema portulacastrum and Euphorbia hirta were the weeds heavily infested. The most commonly encountered aphid predators where Cheilomenes propinqua, Cheilomenes sulphurea, and Ischiodon aegyptius. The widely distributed aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes were often found attacking A. gossypii and A. craccivora. Further studies will be carried out to assess the potential of these natural enemies in an integrated pest management strategy against aphids.
Forfattere
Tor J. JohansenSammendrag
Carrots are grown commercially on relatively small fields (1-10 Ha) on a total of about 1400 Ha in Norway. Other umbelliferous crops are of minor economic importance. The carrot fly (Psila rosae) causes damage in all regions where carrots are grown, also in Northern Norway (70 ºN). One or two generations of the fly may develop. Most carrot growers in Norway apply crop rotation, crop covers or insecticide sprays based on monitoring by yellow sticky traps and treatment thresholds. In addition there is a day-degree forecasting system available. Recently, there has been a change from OP (diazinon) sprays aiming at larvae to pyretroid sprays against adult flies. Many growers report an improved carrot fly control the latest years. We recommend the use of at least five traps placed along the field edge where the flies are expected to arrive, about 5-10 m into the field. It is also recommended that traps are controlled 2-3 times per week until the first flies have been observed. The first spray is normally applied immediately after first fly catch, if the carrot plants have reached the two-leaf stage. Later spraying decisions are based on weekly fly counts and a treatment threshold of 4-5 flies per week.
Forfattere
Ingrid Holtsmark Dimitris Mantzilas Vincent Eijsink May Bente BrurbergSammendrag
The Gram-positive plant pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus is the causal agent of potato ring rot, a wide-spread disease that causes huge economical losses. One strategy that may aid in gaining control of the disease is the development of agents that specifically inhibit growth of the pathogen. In this work, narrow-spectered antimicrobial substances that are secreted by the closely related tomato pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, have been purified and studied. These antimicrobials exert growth inhibitory activity against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, and may become useful as control agents in the battle against the potato pathogen. The antimicrobial substances include a 14 kDa bacteriocin, a 2145 Da type B lantibiotic, and a series of non-proteinaceous antibiotics with molecular masses around 800-900 Da, putatively belonging to the tunicamycin family. The lantibiotic peptide, michiganin A, resembles actagardine, which is a type B lantibiotic produced by the actinomycete Actinoplanes liguriae. Both these peptides share traits with mersacidin, a well-known type B lantibiotic, including a conserved residue that is thought to be important for the antimicrobial activity of mersacidin.
Forfattere
Carl Einar AmundsenSammendrag
The use of AFFFs containing perfluoroctansulphonate (PFOS) was banned in Norway in 2007, but the knowledge on how these compounds are spread in the environment during the last 20-30 years are very limited. To investigate if the terrestrial and aquatic environments at previous and active training facilities are affected by PFOS and other, Norwegian State Pollution Control Authorities SFT has taken the initiative of carrying out environmental screening at four selected fire training facilities in Norway.The concentrations of PFCs found in most soils in the vicinity of the investigated training facilities exceed the proposed Norwegian guideline value for PFOS in soil (100 ng/g). Exposing earthworms to soils from the four fire training facilities in this project resulted in mean bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for 6:2 FTS, PFOS and PFOA of 2.4 (0.76-6.7), 2.6 (0.49-6.4) and 5.9 (0.31-14.0), respectively.This investigation shows that continued fire training over years locally has resulted in quite severe contamination with PFOS, in particular, but also with other PFCs in the environment. High mobility in some soils (sandy soils), high bioaccumulation potential of some PFCs, make these contaminants an environmental risk that should be further assessed
Forfattere
Aksel DøvingSammendrag
Global climate is supposed to get warmer the next decades. In Western Norway the average temperatures are suggested to increase about 1.0 ºC until 2050 and about 2.6 ºC until 2100, compared to 1980-2000. Data on strawberry yield were obtained from commercial strawberry growing in open field in the valley of Valldal in the fjord district of Norway for the years 1970-2000. These long time series were used for developing regression models to explain the effect of changing climate on harvest time for the strawberry cultivar ‘Senga Sengana". The mean temperatures per month for May, June, and July were crucial for the time of ripening. If the start of the harvest season was defined as the day of 5 % accumulated yield, the average date for the start of the season was about July 18 in this district for the last 40 years. According to the predicted climate change and the regression models the strawberry season will start on average 6 days earlier in 2050 and 22 days earlier in 2100 compared to the average of 1970-2000, provided that the cultivars are similar to ‘Senga Sengana" and that the cultural techniques are about the same as now. The harvest season was predicted to be on average about 4 days shorter in 2100 than in 1970-2000.
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
The thesis presents fungi and Phytophthora spp. found on true fir (Abies spp.) in nursery, Christmas tree, bough and landscape plantings in Norway during 2000-2009. Several soil borne organisms were causing root and butt rots, with Phytophthora spp. being the most serious. Fortunately, Phytophthora spp. are so far not widespread on fir in Norway, but they can be disastrous where established. In 2004, P. cambivora was isolated from noble fir (A. procera), P. megasperma from subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa), and a Phytophthora sp. most similar to P. inundata from Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana). In 2009, a Phytophthora sp. was isolated at one new subalpine fir Christmas tree location. Many airborne fungi, representing several genera, caused foliar, shoot, and stem diseases; Botryotinia fuckeliana, Cytospora sp., Delphinella abietis, Herpotrichia parasitica, Melampsora abieti-capraearum, Neonectria sp., Phaeocryptopus nudus, Phomopsis spp., Pucciniastrum epilobii, Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii, and Sydowia polyspora. The pathogenicity of Camarosporium, Camarographium, and Pestalotiopsis funerea is uncertain. Aslo two organisms that are not considered pathogenic are presented, but they commonly appear on fir; Cladosporium sp., and Thysanophora penicillioides. Several of the presented organisms are new to the fungal flora of Norway.
Forfattere
Rune Slimestad Ingunn M. VågenSammendrag
Onions, Allium cepa L., have been investigated with respect to distribution of sugars, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), flavonols, total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), pyruvate, dry weight content and total soluble solids (SSC) in the different edible scales of the bulbs. Six scales from the cultivars ‘Red Baron" and ‘Hytech" were analyzed in fresh onions. The red cultivar ‘Red Baron" showed an increase in SSC from 10.1 in the outermost to 12.8 ºBrix in the innermost scales. The content of fructose decreased inwards whereas the content of sucrose showed a slight increase (both p < 0.001). The level of glucose was nearly the same in the different scales. FOS was found to increase inwards (p < 0.001). The total amount of flavonols in ‘Red Baron" was found to decrease inwards from 368 to 45 mg/ 100 g FW. The greatest drop in flavonol concentration was found between the first and the second scales in all samples. Quercetin 3,4"-diglucoside was the most predominant flavonol in the all samples. Strong correlations (r = 0.90) were found between the total amounts of quercetins and the antioxidant capacities.
Sammendrag
Thirty-two dairy farms in Middle-Norway participated in a field study in 2007 and 2008. Nine organic farms with short-term grassland (SO) were paired with 9 conventional farms with short-term grassland (SC) and 7 organic farms with long-term grassland (LO) were paired with 7 conventional farms with long-term grassland (LC) with regard to proximity and calving pattern. Every second month feed and tanker milk samples were collected from each farm. Data from the Norwegian dairy herd recording system were collected and botanical composition before first cut in 2007 was analysed. Milk samples were analysed for chemical composition, fatty acid composition, vitamin concentration, selenium concentration and phytoestrogen concentration. In this paper results from 2007 are presented. Milk quality was more influenced by production system then grassland system. Higher proportions of SFA and lower proportion of oleic acid in milk from O compared to C may be a future challenge for adjusting feed ratios in organic farming in Norway. Red clover stands for the main botanical effect in this study with strong effect on equol concentrations. The potential health effects of equol should be investigated further.
Sammendrag
I 2007-2008 ble det gjennomført et feltstudie med målsetningen å finne sammenheng mellom engdriftsystem, produksjonssystem og melkekvalitet. Ni gårder med økologisk melkeproduksjon basert på kortvarig eng (KØ) ble paret med 9 gårder med konvensjonell melkeproduksjon basert på kortvarig eng (KK) og 7 gårder med økologisk melkeproduksjon basert på langvarig eng (LØ) ble paret med 7 gårder med konvensjonell melkeproduksjon basert på langvarig eng (LK). Fôrprøver og melkeprøver ble samlet inn annenhver måned. Botanisk sammensetning ble estimert før første slått i 2007. I tillegg ble data fra kukontrollen analysert. Melkeprøvene ble blant annet analysert for fettsyresammensetning, innhold av vitaminer, innhold av selen og innhold av fytoøstrogener. På de konvensjonelle gårdene var det grasarter som dominerte. På de økologiske gårdene var det i tillegg til grasarter en betydelig andel belgvekster (KØ) og urter (LØ). Kvalitetsegenskapene hos melk ble i større grad påvirket av produksjonssystem (økologisk eller konvensjonelt) enn av engdyrkingssystem (kortvarig eller langvarig eng). Det antas at hovedfaktorene var kraftfôrmengde, kraftfôrets innhold av lipider og botanisk sammensetning av grovfôret.