Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
In Norway there is an incomplete resource management of side products and residuals from the main primary sectors of agriculture, fish farming and fishery. For example is the theoretically hitherto unused energy content in animal manure estimated to approximately 2,5 TWh per year, while Norwegian fish farming annually emits about 40.000 ton nitrogen and 8400 ton phosphorous into the coastal environments. Furthermore, recycling of nutrients and energy from marine fish waste of approximately 3.2 million ton fish is still at its early stages. The incomplete resource management results in environmental, economically and social costs. Consequently, an optimisation of national nutrient and energy cycling is required to increase sustainability. The establishment of individual driven resource optimisation enterprises, e.g. local biogas reactors, are often challenging both logistically and financially, particularly at relatively remote sites. This paper presents an overall conceptual approach to optimize energy and nutrient cycling, due to a cooperatively and integrated resource management system on a regional scale in Steigen, Northern Norway.
Forfattere
Dag-Ragnar Blystad Karen Rae Bone May Bente Brurberg Erling Fløistad Roar Moe Arild Sletten D. L. Davies Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
We have beendoing research on two phytoplasma diseases relevant for Norwegian plantproduction. Theoccurrence of Apple proliferation phytoplasma in NorwayOurinstitute was made aware of suspicious symptoms in 1996. A few trees of apple‘Summerred’ in Gvarv, Telmark County, had symptoms looking like appleproliferation. This case initiated a survey. The first samples were analyzed inEngland. Later we have done the PCR-diagnosis in our own lab.During asurvey carried out from 1996 to 1998, Apple proliferation was found in 14orchards: 1 experimental orchard inTelemark County, 4 orchards in Vestfold County, 4 orchards in Hordaland Countyand 5 orchards in the County of Sogn og Fjordane.Appleproliferation has later also been found at other locations. From this we canconclude that this quarantine disease is found in almost all importantfruit-producing districts. It is important to follow the situation to stopfurther spread of this disease. All infected trees have been eradicated.Theamount and distribution of Poinsettia branch-inducing phytoplasma in poinsettiaFree-branchingpoinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) were first introduced during the sixties throughthe Norwegian cultivar ‘Annette Hegg’. The identity of the “branching agent”,was proven to be a phytoplasma, termed Poinsettia branch-inducing phytoplasma(PoiBI) (Lee et al. Int. Journal of Syst. Bacteriology 48,1153-1169.1998).Without phytoplasma, poinsettias grow tall, and produce very few branches.We havestudied the relative amount and distribution of PoiBI in poinsettia and howthis relates to branching in different cultivars grown under different lightlevels and temperatures using a quantitative PCR assay (TaqMan). Results fromthis work were presented.
Forfattere
Ann Katrin Holtekjølen Anne Kjersti Uhlen Mauritz Åssveen Stefan SahlströmSammendrag
Norway has long traditions in growing oat for feed and food. A good raw material quality is an important field giving different quality parameters an increased focus. Important quality characteristics, both for feed and food, are linked to polysaccharides, particulary beta-glucan and starch. It is of great importance to enhance and optimise the polysaccharide composition according to different end-uses. New varieties are therefore developed worldwide focusing on enhanced nutritional properties. However, it is possible to improve or secure a stable quality of existing commercial oat varities by focusing on different growing conditions. In this project Norwegian commercial oat varieties were exposed to controlled climate chambers, field trials in plastic tunnels and ordinary field trials. This will give a better understanding and provide new knowledge to secure a stable raw material quality and a better utilization of Norwegian oat to different end uses. In addition, it provides an improved understanding of the relationships between climate factors experienced in a Nordic climate and the quality of fibre and starch.
Sammendrag
Bipolaris sorokinana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is a widespread pathogen of cereals and many grasses. It can infect seeds, roots and leaves, causing seedling blight, common root rot, foot rot and spot blotch. Inoculum of B. sorokiniana may be seed-borne or arise from infected plant debris in the field and from conidia in the soil. Recent years the pathogen has occurred at high frequencies in seed lots of barley in Norway, especially in the cvs Edel and Annabell. A large proportion of the seed lots tested since 2004 were infected and the average infection frequencies were rather high. In order to evaluate the importance of the seed-borne inoculum in barley and to test the effect of seed treatment fungicides against the pathogen, field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments have been carried out with heavily infected barley seed. The infection level was reduced and plant weight, plant height, field emergence and yields were significantly increased by chemical treatment. The best effect was seen with an imazalil+flutriafol compound which increased the yield by approximately 35 % compared to untreated. A healthy untreated seed lot of the same cultivar included in one of the experiments showed approximately the same level of emergence and yield as the best fungicide treatment of a heavily infected seed lot. The investigations demonstrate that the use of healthy seed, or seed treated with an effective fungicide, is important to reduce the yield losses from B. sorokiniana.
Forfattere
Tor LunnanSammendrag
Timoteibaserte frøblandingar dominerer i Norge. Timotei har god overvintringsevne, rask etablering, enkel frøavl og god fôrkvalitetet, men toler intensiv drift og beiting dårleg. Raigras- og raisvingelbasert eng er alternativ langs kysten av Sør-Norge. I innlandet er bladfaks og hundegras aktuelle.
Forfattere
Gustav FystroSammendrag
Husdyrproduksjon i et globalt perspektiv foregår med ekstrem variasjon i driftsopplegg, der produksjonsgrunnlag, sosiale relasjoner og kulturelle forhold i stor grad har påvirket driftsmåter gjennom historien. Globalisering, industrialisering, teknologiutvikling og markedstilpassing har de siste åra endret husdyrholdet mye, og ulikt i ulike verdenshjørner. Norsk husdyrproduksjon er en moderne småskalavariant, der produksjonsgrunnlaget bestående av mye grasarealer er en viktig årsak til et relativt stort innslag av grovfôrbasert husdyrhold. I denne artikkelen blir det drøftet noen overordnede faktorer for bærekraft i de dominerende husdyrproduksjonene i Norge.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Jon SælandSammendrag
The Norwegian Nature Management Act prohibits use of introduced plant material in natural and semi-natural landscapes. The main objectives of the project FJELLFRØ are (1) to collect parent seed material in mountain regions, and (2) to propagate and develop seed production techniques for these species/ecotypes. The project is owned by Telemark Seed Growers Association, supported financially by Innovation Norway and various public agencies / private companies for the period 2007-2010, and organized by Bioforsk. A total of 420 g site-specific seeds of 227 ecotypes belonging to 33 species have been collected in geographically distant mountain regions in 2005, 2007 and 2008. Species of high priority are Festuca ovina, Poa alpina, Phleum alpinum, Avenella flexuosa, Agrostis mertensii, Anthoxanthum odoratum ssp. alpinum. By November 2009, 38 first generation multiplication fields have been established after raising transplants in nurseries. By the same date, 13 commercial second-generation fields have been seeded by farmers organized through Telemark Seed Grower"s Association. Site-specific seed mixtures are expected for sale from 2011 onwards
Forfattere
Gustav FystroSammendrag
Begrepet jordvern blir tillagt ulik betydning i ulike deler av verden. I Norge er det nærmest synonymt med å sikre etterkommere muligheten til å dyrke egen mat på egen jord. Opplevelsen av hvilke arealressurser det er særlig knapphet på er viktig for å forstå begreps- og kulturforskjeller mellom land. Som eksempel er vern mot nedbygging av naturmark noen steder sterkere enn vern mot nedbygging av dyrka jord. Vektlegging av matproduksjon som argument i jordverndebatten synes å styrke seg hos oss.
Forfattere
Gustav FystroSammendrag
Jordvern handler først og fremst om å sikre etterkommere muligheten til å dyrke egen mat på egen jord. Landskapsverdier generelt bør imidlertid sterkere inn i jordverndebatten. Klassiske konflikter i jordvernsammenheng knytter seg til tettsted- og byutvikling.
Forfattere
Samson Øpstad Odd-Jarle ØvreåsSammendrag
Husdyrgjødsel er ein viktig ressurs på mange gardsbruk. Etter år med høge handelsgjødselprisar har den relative verdien av husdyrgjødsel auka. Dette gjer til at det er god økonomi i å unytte husdyrgjødselen best mogeleg. Til eng er spreiing av husdyrgjødsel om våren det som gjev best verknad. Då oppnår ein også bra etterverknad i gjenveksten. Hausten er dårlegaste tida for spreiing av blautgjødsel og gylle på eng. I denne artikkelen vil me sjå på kva lovverk som gjeld for spreiing av husdyrgjødsel og korleis ein kan få best mogeleg verknad av den.