Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Anne-Kristin LøesSammendrag
The schooldays of European children and youth tend to get longer, and their eating patterns, especially during school hours, are often unsatisfactory. Healthy school food is a logic response to this situation. Organic food contributes to sustainable nutrition, and hence is an interesting starting point for healthier menus and food education. The research project “innovative PublicOrganic food Procurement for Youth” (iPOPY) studies efficient ways to implement organic food in public serving outlets for young people. Out of the four iPOPY funding countries, Finland and Italy serve a warm school meal daily for all pupils, whereas Denmark and Norway rely on packed lunch from home. Italy and Denmark have ambitious goals for organic food in schools, whereasFinland and Norway have not (yet). In Germany, different states have very different school meal systems, but the interest for organic food is generally high. We argue that school food served in “captive catering” such as found in Finland, financed by the public and made by organic or otherwise sustainable products, has the largest potential to support a sustainable nutrition and - development.
Forfattere
Jon Anders Stavang R. I. Pettersen M. Wendell K. A. Solhaug O. Junttila R. Moe J. E. OlsenSammendrag
Active gibberellin (GA1) is an important mediator of thermoperiodic growth in pea. Plants grown under lower day than night temperature (negative DIF) elongate less and have reduced levels of GA1 compared with plants grown at higher day than night temperature (positive DIF). By comparing the wild type (WT) and the elongated DELLA mutant la crys, this study has examined the effect of impaired GA signalling on thermoperiodic growth, photosynthesis, and respiration in pea. In the WT a negative DIF treatment reduced stem mass ratio and increased both root mass ratio and leaf mass ratio (dry weight of specific tissue related to total plant dry weight). Leaf, root and stem mass ratios of la crys were not affected by DIF. Under negative DIF, specific leaf area (projected leaf area per unit leaf dry mass), biomass, and chlorophyll content of WT and la crys plants were reduced. Young, expanding leaves of plants grown under negative DIF had reduced leaf area-based photosynthetic capacity. However, the highest photosynthetic electron transport rate was found in fully expanded leaves of WT plants grown under negative DIF. Negative DIF increased night respiration and was similar for both genotypes. It is concluded that GA signalling is not a major 25 determinant of leaf area-based photosynthesis or respiration and that reduced dry weight of plants grown under negative DIF is caused by a GA-mediated reduction of photosynthetic stem and leaf tissue, reduced photosynthesis of young, expanding leaves, and reduced growth caused by low temperature in the photoperiod.
Sammendrag
Two female and two male cultivars have previously been released as a result of clone evaluation at Bioforsk Nord Holt. Selection criteria have been number of pistils or stamens per flower, number of flowers and number of shoots per m2. Currently a new group of clones are evaluated with the aim of finding new cultivars for release. The clones are collected from different parts of Norway, as well as from England and Spitsbergen. Preliminary results from harvesting 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 indicate good production potential for a couple of the tested clones. In addition to prior selection criteria based on berry yield, the levels of total anthocyanins and total phenols have been analyzed. This includes studies on the role of female clone, male pollinator and temperature on berry quality.
Forfattere
Rebekka ØvstegårdSammendrag
Gender analysis is an important component of the Climarice project in order to better understand the ways in which women and men are differently affected by climate change and how they are adapting. During the current year, a preliminary analysis has been carried out on gender issues. This will be followed by a detailed study in 2011 in selected areas in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The expected outputs will provide more detailed analysis on gender differences and a better understanding of men and women’s vulnerabilities to climate change and clarify the special needs of men and women to adapt. The overall goal is to contribute towards developing appropriate strategies and policy to address gender issues in climate change.
Forfattere
Rebekka ØvstegårdSammendrag
Gender analysis is an important component of the Climarice project in order to better understand the ways in which women and men are differently affected by climate change and how they are adapting. During the current year, a preliminary analysis has been carried out on gender issues. This will be followed by a detailed study in 2011 in selected areas in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The expected outputs will provide more detailed analysis on gender differences and a better understanding of men and women’s vulnerabilities to climate change and clarify the special needs of men and women to adapt. The overall goal is to contribute towards developing appropriate strategies and policy to address gender issues in climate change.
Forfattere
Tormod Briseid John Morken Arne GrønlundSammendrag
I St.meld. nr. 39 "Klimautfordringene - landbruket en del av Løsningen" heter det at det er et realistisk mål å redusere utslippene av klimagasser i Norge innen 2020 med 15 - 17 millioner tonn C02-ekvivalenter. Herav skal tiltak knyttet til behandling av husdyrgjødsel og matavfall i biogassanlegg alene stå for 0,5 millioner tonn. Rapporten omhandler klimagevinst og kostnader ved anaerob behandling av husdyrgjødsel eventuelt i kombinasjon med våtorganisk avfall frem mot 2020 og 2030. Det fremgår at enkelte av grunnlagsdataene som er benyttet foreløpig er heftet med stor grad av usikkerhet og at også forhold knyttet til teknologi og økonomi forventes å endre seg i tiltaksperioden.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Forsøkene i 2009 viste at det var store avlingsutslag for soppbekjempelse i både vår og høsthvete i 2009. Soppbekjempelse har ført til øking i Hl-vekt og 1000-kornvekt. Spesielt i vårhvete ga behandling en betydelig øking i kornstørrelse. Hovedårsaken til avlingsøkingene ved soppbekjempelse skyldtes reduksjon i angrepet av hveteaksprikk. Det er ikke gjort notater på angrep aksfusariose i forsøkene, men reduksjon i angrep av fusarium kan også ha bidratt til avlingsøkingene. De siste årene har det vært viktig å beskytte hveten i slutten av sesongen. Strobilurinene viser noe variabel og redusert effekt mot bladflekksjukdommer i hvete i forhold til for noen år siden Protiokonazol, (som inngår i Proline og Delaro) vil være et svært viktig middel i sjukdomsbekjempelsen i hvete de nærmeste årene. Det vil være viktig å ikke satse ensidig på dette midlet i soppbekjempelsen. Internasjonale anbefalinger for å forebygge resistens og nedsatt virkning av preparater er å veksle mellom preparater, blande preparater og ikke bruke samme aktive stoff mer enn en gang pr. sesong. I Norge er det imidlertid ikke mange ulike grupper av preparater å velge mellom, men det er normalt heller ikke aktuelt å behandle åkrene mer enn to ganger pr. sesong. Tidspunkt for behandling i vår- og høsthvete vil variere fra år til år avhengig av klima. http://www.vips-landbruk/ gir god hjelp i vurderingen av behandlingstidspunkt. Valg av middel og dose er avhengig av behandlingstidspunkt og evt. tidligere behandling. Dersom det gis varsel tidlig, kan en ofte velge en lav dose, fordi det er sannsynlig at en må ut en gang seinere i sesongen. Ved en tidlig behandling, fra vekststadium 32 til 39 har Stereo vist seg å være et svært godt alternativ til Proline, forutsatt at det ikke er hvetebladprikk som skal bekjempes. Stereo bør derfor velges for å utnytte muligheten til å veksle mellom ulike preparater. Ved behandling rundt skyting bør en bruke protiokonazol i blanding med strobilurinholdige preparater. Dosen av strobilurin behøver neppe være over 1/3 i blandingen. Blandingen kan med fordel inneholde andre virkestoffer i tillegg. Dersom det varsles behov for bekjempelse av fusarium rundt blomsting, er det protiokonazol (Proline) alene som er mest aktuelt. Aktuell dosering er i så fall 60 ml.
Sammendrag
The report discusses strategies for the utilization of anaerobically treated poultry manure and slaughterhouse waste (ADR) from Lusakert Poultry Plant Production (LPPP) at Lusakert Biogas Plant (LBP), Kotayk Region, Armenia. ADR is currently an untapped resource of nutrients stored in lagoons, while at the same time representing a source of pollution for the Hsradan river. The project"s two goals were to 1) contribute to the reduction in waste disposed in lagoons from LBP and 2) increase recycling of organic wastes in Armenia. Both goals will contribute to sustainable resource management in Armenia. Anaerobically digested residue from LBP represents an untapped source of essential nutrients for crop production in Armenia. Plant nutrients in ADR are readily available. When ADR is used as fertilizer, crop yields similar to those achieved with the use of mineral fertilizers may be obtained. However, distribution of ADR from the biogas plant to the surrounding farms requires transport by tanker trucks, and the transport distances are longer than what is common for transport of liquid organic fertilizers in the Nordic countries. It is also necessary to develop an infrastructure for storing the ADR at the individual recipient or in greater common stock near the farms. An alternative is to store ADR in the lagoons of LBP and pump it on tanker trucks that run directly to the farmer"s fields, where it is spread immediately. However, this option can only be conducted during the growing season. Alternatively, the ADR can be used to produce solid organic fertilizer and soil conditioner, which would facilitate transportation and storage. This can be done by 1) aerobic composting, 2) vermi-composting and 3) concentrating nutrients in ADR to a solid that can be separated from the liquid. All these strategies can produce a valuable fertilizer, but the market for such products needs to be developed in Armenia. ADR or composted ADR can contain contaminants with health and environmental risks, depending on the origin of the raw material used. If mushroom waste is used as a substrate for the composting of ADR, the heavy metal content of the final compost is not expected to be much lower than in ADR because mushroom waste of interest is based on chicken manure. By using straw or other suitable plant material as a substrate, it is likely that the heavy metal content is reduced. The concentrations of organic pollutants in composted ADR from LBP are expected to be low, due to expected low concentrations of organic contaminants in poultry manure and slaughterhouse waste. It is also assumed that veterinary pharmaceuticals do not pose a risk through the use of ADR or composted ADR. There is a risk that pathogenic bacteria are found in the ADR and composted ADR, but these bacteria are not in their natural environment, and it is unknown whether pathogen contamination is a real risk to the public by the use of ADR in agriculture. Armenia has an Agriculture Support Republican Center, which heads the Agriculture Support Regional Centers. The regional centers provide counseling to farmers in Armenia. The Agriculture Support Centers should be strengthened and further developed as a strategy for optimal use of ADR in Armenian agriculture. Collaboration between the biogas plants, farmers, farmer organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), government organizations and scientific institutions should be developed with the common goal of helping to develop good management practices for optimum utilization of ADR as organic fertilizer in Armenia.
Forfattere
Hugh RileySammendrag
Nesten 14 % av landets jordbruksareal vannes (ca. 1.3 mill. daa) i dag, ifølge landbrukstellinga (SSB, 1999). Om lag 46 % av dette arealet er i fylkene Hedmark, Oppland og Akershus, mens 32 % er i Østfold, Vestfold, Telemark og Buskerud, 10 % i Agder-fylkene og Rogaland, 8 % i Sogn og Fjordane og Hordaland og 5 % i Møre og Romsdal, Sør- og Nord-Trøndelag. Selv om vannreservene heldigvis er store i Norge, utgjør de en ressurs som det ventes å bli økende konkurranse om i framtida. På oppdrag fra SSB har vi beregnet vannmengdene som det i dag er behov for til vanning av jordbruksvekster i fire viktige jordbruksregioner: Østlandet nord for Oslo, Østlandet sør for Oslo, Sørlandet og Sør-Vestlandet og Midt-Norge (Riley & Berentsen 2009). Beregningene er gjort for tidsrommet 1973-2008. Denne perioden overlapper mellom den nåværende og neste 30-års normalperiode (1991-2020). Derfor kan det vurderes hvorvidt evt. klimaendringer de senere årene har påvirket vekstenes behov for vanning.Beregningene tallfester sannsynlige vanningsbehov til ulike vekster i de fire regionene. Dette kan brukes som hjelpemiddel for avgjørelser om investering og dimensjonering av vanningsanlegg. Variabiliteten mellom år i behovene for vanning er av stor betydning for hvor ofte det lønner seg å vanne og for hvor stor kapasitet et vanningsanlegg bør ha. I denne oversikten presenteres det derfor både middeltall og variasjoner mellom år.