Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2002
Forfattere
Reidun Pommeresche Reidun PommerescheSammendrag
This study focusses on the spider fauna in two organically managed leys in different stages of a crop rotation and in one permanent pasture, all on the Tingvoll Farm in northwestern Norway. Spiders were collected by means of pitfall traps; the sampling period lasted from 28 April to 23 June 2000. Altogether 2415 specimens, representing 48 species, were found. A DCA-analysis shows differences in the spider populations found in the leys compared with the pasture, but less difference between the young and older ley. However, the number of species and the dominance pattern of the spider populations differ between the young and older ley. A total of 16 species were found in the young ley, 26 species in the older ley and 34 species in the pasture. Bathyphantes gracilis, Erigone atra, Oedothorax fuscus and Savignia frontata were the most abundant species in the leys, with Pardosa amentata and Silometopus elegans the most abundant in the pasture. Collinsia inerrans was represented by 83 specimens in the leys. This species is previously recorded only twice in Norway, and has been placed on the national Red List proposal.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Birgitte HenriksenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Birgitte HenriksenSammendrag
A Norwegian project was started in order to investigate the possibilities for controlling seed borne diseases in organic cereal seed production. A main part of the project has been to test alternatives to chemical seed treatments against barley leaf stripe (Drechslera graminea), and loose smut in barley and oats (Ustilago nuda f. sp. hordei, Ustilago avenae). The effect of different formulations of fermented milk products, horse-radish, hot steam treatment and different concentrations of acetic acid were investigated in field trials during 2001 and 2002. Only naturally infected seeds were used in the investigation. The treatment dosage used was 20 ml per kg seed except for horse radish that was used at dosages of 40 and 60 ml per kg (20% suspension). Hot steam treatment was performed at 100% RH , 55° and 60°C (30, 60 and 90 min) in a steam chamber developed for steaming plants and equipment used in greenhouses. In 2001 acetic acid was tested at concentrations of 20% and 35%, while in 2002, 25% and 30% were tested as well. Within two weeks after treatment the seeds were counted and planted in rows of 100 seeds with 10 replicates. Fields were sited in three different regions of Norway. Emerged seedlings were counted after three weeks and infected plants were registered after heading. In 2001 number of plants with symptoms of barley leaf stripe and loose smut of oats were significantly lower after acetic acid treatment than after no treatment. Both concentrations (20% and 35%) had effect on the two diseases. Effect of acetic acid was found in all the three fields. In laboratory tests, 35% acetic acid reduced germination slightly, while 20% did not have any negative effect on germination. Horse-radish had little effect towards these diseases. When mixed (50/50) with acetic acid (35%), horse-radish had the same effect as 20% acetic acid alone. Only one of the fermented milk products reduced the number of diseased plants (significantly in one field). Hot steam treatment had negligible or small effect at the lowest temperatures. After treatment in 60°C for 60 and 90 min., effect on the diseases increased, but negative effects on germination increased as well. In 2002, the development of barley leaf stripe symptoms and loose smut in oats was poor. In the fields with loose smut of barley however, the development of smutted heads were significant. Reduction in number of smutted heads was detected in the field after acetic acid treatment compared to no treatment. Thus the effect of 20 ml acetic acid per kg seed, used in 20, 25 or 30% concentration, so far appears promising towards the diseases tested.
Sammendrag
The flow and transport of a non-reactive tracer and melt water was monitored in a heterogeneous coarse sandy unsaturated zone in southeastern Norway, during the snowmelt of 2001. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as well as conventional suction cup techniques was employed. A frozen solution of NaBr in water was supplied as a line source on the ground surface above two parallel vertical profiles monitored by the two measurement systems prior to the onset of snowmelt. The two monitored vertical profiles were separated by approximately 1 m. The results were analysed by visual comparison of images and by the use of spatial moments analysis. The two measurement approaches showed that the system was affected by the presence of preferential flow paths during the early stages of the snowmelt, perhaps due to ice near the surface, but the major part of the plume moves uniformly later in the snow-melting period. After most of the tracer plume has reached the depth monitored by both systems (i.e. below 0.4 m depth) there is a good consistency between the two datasets. Spatial moment calculations on the basis of ERT cannot be used to describe the movement of tracer alone, as the resistivity is affected by changes in both saturation levels and tracer concentration. Nevertheless, ERT appears to be an appropriate method to characterise regions of localised high infiltration in this type of soil. The method therefore constitutes a possible alternative and supplement to suction cups in a monitoring system.
Sammendrag
Bruk av slam og kompost i grøntanlegg
Sammendrag
Å starte FoU- prosjekter
Sammendrag
Grøntanleggssektoren
Sammendrag
Rapporten presenterer en laboratoriemetode for bestemmelse av effekter på frysing og tining på aggregatstabilitet. Steg for steg prosedyrer for de ulike delene av behandlingen er beskrevet i detalj. Behandlingen omfatter uttak av jord, sikting av jord til ønsket aggregatstørrelse, pakking av jord i sylindre, innstilling av vanninnhold i prøvene, fryse-tine behandling under kontrollerte forhold, og stabilitetstester med regnsimulator og våtsikteapparat.