Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2002
Forfattere
Birgitte HenriksenSammendrag
A Norwegian project was started in order to investigate the possibilities for controlling seed borne diseases in organic cereal seed production. A main part of the project has been to test alternatives to chemical seed treatments against barley leaf stripe (Drechslera graminea), and loose smut in barley and oats (Ustilago nuda f. sp. hordei, Ustilago avenae). The effect of different formulations of fermented milk products, horse-radish, hot steam treatment and different concentrations of acetic acid were investigated in field trials during 2001 and 2002. Only naturally infected seeds were used in the investigation. The treatment dosage used was 20 ml per kg seed except for horse radish that was used at dosages of 40 and 60 ml per kg (20% suspension). Hot steam treatment was performed at 100% RH , 55° and 60°C (30, 60 and 90 min) in a steam chamber developed for steaming plants and equipment used in greenhouses. In 2001 acetic acid was tested at concentrations of 20% and 35%, while in 2002, 25% and 30% were tested as well. Within two weeks after treatment the seeds were counted and planted in rows of 100 seeds with 10 replicates. Fields were sited in three different regions of Norway. Emerged seedlings were counted after three weeks and infected plants were registered after heading. In 2001 number of plants with symptoms of barley leaf stripe and loose smut of oats were significantly lower after acetic acid treatment than after no treatment. Both concentrations (20% and 35%) had effect on the two diseases. Effect of acetic acid was found in all the three fields. In laboratory tests, 35% acetic acid reduced germination slightly, while 20% did not have any negative effect on germination. Horse-radish had little effect towards these diseases. When mixed (50/50) with acetic acid (35%), horse-radish had the same effect as 20% acetic acid alone. Only one of the fermented milk products reduced the number of diseased plants (significantly in one field). Hot steam treatment had negligible or small effect at the lowest temperatures. After treatment in 60°C for 60 and 90 min., effect on the diseases increased, but negative effects on germination increased as well. In 2002, the development of barley leaf stripe symptoms and loose smut in oats was poor. In the fields with loose smut of barley however, the development of smutted heads were significant. Reduction in number of smutted heads was detected in the field after acetic acid treatment compared to no treatment. Thus the effect of 20 ml acetic acid per kg seed, used in 20, 25 or 30% concentration, so far appears promising towards the diseases tested.
Sammendrag
The flow and transport of a non-reactive tracer and melt water was monitored in a heterogeneous coarse sandy unsaturated zone in southeastern Norway, during the snowmelt of 2001. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as well as conventional suction cup techniques was employed. A frozen solution of NaBr in water was supplied as a line source on the ground surface above two parallel vertical profiles monitored by the two measurement systems prior to the onset of snowmelt. The two monitored vertical profiles were separated by approximately 1 m. The results were analysed by visual comparison of images and by the use of spatial moments analysis. The two measurement approaches showed that the system was affected by the presence of preferential flow paths during the early stages of the snowmelt, perhaps due to ice near the surface, but the major part of the plume moves uniformly later in the snow-melting period. After most of the tracer plume has reached the depth monitored by both systems (i.e. below 0.4 m depth) there is a good consistency between the two datasets. Spatial moment calculations on the basis of ERT cannot be used to describe the movement of tracer alone, as the resistivity is affected by changes in both saturation levels and tracer concentration. Nevertheless, ERT appears to be an appropriate method to characterise regions of localised high infiltration in this type of soil. The method therefore constitutes a possible alternative and supplement to suction cups in a monitoring system.
Sammendrag
Bruk av slam og kompost i grøntanlegg
Sammendrag
Å starte FoU- prosjekter
Sammendrag
Grøntanleggssektoren
Sammendrag
Rapporten presenterer en laboratoriemetode for bestemmelse av effekter på frysing og tining på aggregatstabilitet. Steg for steg prosedyrer for de ulike delene av behandlingen er beskrevet i detalj. Behandlingen omfatter uttak av jord, sikting av jord til ønsket aggregatstørrelse, pakking av jord i sylindre, innstilling av vanninnhold i prøvene, fryse-tine behandling under kontrollerte forhold, og stabilitetstester med regnsimulator og våtsikteapparat.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Del av bok/rapport – Agro-hydrological study of Sub-Basin III, Managua, Nicaragua.
Johannes Deelstra
Forfattere
Johannes DeelstraSammendrag
Summary: The report describes the erosion problems in Sub-Basin III, Managua, Nicaragua and proposes measures to alleviate these. Soil loss in the upper part of the catchment causes serious sedimentation in the downstream reaches of the open water courses, resulting in a reduced discharge capacity for water. This in its turn leads to flooding of urban areas during high rainfall periods and under extreme events can lead to closure of the international airport. In addition does the soil loss from agricultural land contribute in the ongoing deterioration of the water quality of Lake Managua while at the same time leading to a decrease in soil fertility and production capacity. An assessment is made of the present soil loss from agricultural land in the Subcuenca III and recommendations are proposed concerning soil conservation measures. Soil loss has been calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Very high figures for soil loss were obtained and the question has been raised whether these were realistic. However, the calculations were seriously hampered due to the lack of input data while at the same time were no data were available for validation.. Therefore, also proposals are given for a measurement programme to improve data availability and to be able to verify calculated soil loss. The report is the original to the report " Estudio Agrohidrológico" which is part of the "Estudio Agroecologico y de Drenaje Pluvial de la Subcuenca III de la Cuenca Sur del Lago de Managua" (Agro-Ecological and Rainwater Drainage Study of Sub-Basin III of the Southern Basin of Lake Managua).
Forfattere
Johannes DeelstraSammendrag
Summary: The report describes the erosion problems in Subcuenca III, Managua, Nicaragua and proposes measures to alleviate these. Soil loss in the upper part of the catchment causes serious sedimentation in the downstream reaches of the open water courses, resulting in a reduced discharge capacity for water. This in its turn leads to flooding of urban areas during high rainfall periods and under extreme events can lead to closure of the international airport. In addition does the soil loss from agricultural land contribute in the ongoing deterioration of the water quality of Lake Managua while at the same time leading to a decrease in soil fertility and production capacity. An assessment is made of the present soil loss from agricultural land in the Subcuenca III and recommendations are proposed concerning soil conservation measures. Soil loss has been calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Very high figures for soil loss were obtained and the question has been raised whether these were realistic. However, the calculations were seriously hampered due to the lack of input data while at the same time were no data were available for validation.. Therefore, also proposals are given for a measurement programme to improve data availability and to be able to verify calculated soil loss. The report is translated from the original "Agro-hydrological study of Subcuenca III, Managua, Nicaragua." which is part of the "Estudio Agroecologico y de Drenaje Pluvial de la Subcuenca III de la Cuenca Sur del Lago de Managua
Forfattere
Stine Vandsemb (permisjon) Rut Skjevdal Lillian Øygarden Marianne Bechmann Hans Olav Eggestad P. Stålnacke Johannes DeelstraSammendrag
Sammendrag: Program for Jordsmonnovervåking; JOVÅ omfatter overvåking av jordbruksbekker i små nedbørfelt i ulike deler av landet, med ulike driftsformer, jordsmonn og klima. Målingene omfatter registrering av vannføring, tap av næringsstoffer, erosjon, i tillegg til pesticider (pesticider rapporteres i separat rapport). Driftspraksis registreres på skiftenivå for jordbruksarealene. Erosjon og næringsstofftap er beregnet for agrohydrologiske år, dvs. 1. mai 30. april. År 2001/02 var preget av normale nedbørmengder for de fleste nedbørfeltene. I nedbørfeltet Hotran i Trøndelag kom det ca 80 % mer nedbør enn normal, mens det i Naurstad i Nordland kom ca 55 % mer nedbør enn normalt. Tapene av nitrogen fra overvåkingsfeltene i 2001/02 var lavere eller på nivå med gjennomsnitt av tidligere år, med unntak av Hotran der tapet var dobbelt så stort i 2001/02 i forhold til tidligere måleperiode. Det ble funnet nedadgående trend for tap av nitrogen i 5 av 10 nedbørfelt og oppadgående trend i ett nedbørfelt. Tapene av fosfor fra de fleste av nedbørfeltene var i 2001/02 omtrent som gjennomsnitt for overvåkingsperioden. Hotran skilte seg ut med ca 70 og 90 % større tap av fosfor og suspendert tørrstoff enn tidligere. Grimestad hadde også store tap av suspendert tørrstoff på grunn av gravearbeid i nedbørfeltet og betydelig bekkeerosjon. Tapene av suspendert tørrstoff fra kornfeltene i 2001/02 lå på nivå med gjennomsnitt for overvåkingsperioden, det var noe lavere i Skuterud, og litt høyere i Kolstad og Mørdre. Over 60 % av det årlige tapet av suspendert tørrstoff fra Kolstad kom i forbindelse med snøsmelting i april.