Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2001
Authors
Frode VeggelandAbstract
Temaet for denne rapporten er den internasjonale reguleringen av handelshindringer relatert til trygg mat («food safety»), som ble innført da WTO-avtalen trådte i kraft i 1995. Én del av rapporten går ut på å kartlegge innholdet i det nye «matregimet» og å vurdere hvilke konsekvenser regimet kan sies å ha for avtalepartene som er forpliktet av det. Utgangspunktet er her sentrale definisjoner av internasjonale regimer slik de blir brukt innenfor studiet av internasjonal politikk. «Matregimet» blir operasjonalisert og vurdert på grunnlag av disse definisjonene. Den andre delen av rapporten handler om å finne fram til noen av de mekanismer som regimet kan sies å virke igjennom. For å gjøre dette anvendes to modeller som bygger på ulike antakelser om hvilken betydning internasjonale institusjoner og regimer kan ha for utfallet av internasjonale politiske prosesser. Modell A legger vekt på betydningen av mektige staters interesser og preferanser og det relative maktforholdet mellom dem. Her tillegges internasjonale regimer liten egenvekt og innflytelse. Modell B viser til at aktørene, i tillegg til å være styrt av nytte/ kostnadsvurderinger, også vil være normstyrt. Internasjonale regimer kan ifølge denne modellen påvirke aktørenes preferanser, normer og verdier og dessuten fungere som viktige arenaer for læring. Regimer tillegges derfor stor betydning for utfallet av internasjonale politiske prosesser. […]
Abstract
The International Symposium: Snowmelt erosion and related problems were held in Oslo, 28- 30 March 2001. The symposium was organised by Centre for Soil and Environmental Research and Department of Soil and Water Science at the Agricultural University of Norway . The Symposium was arranged in cooperation with IGU: International Geograpical Union, ESSC, European Society of Soil Conservation, COST 623: Soil erosion and global change. The symposium was also supported by The Ministry of Agriculture and the Norwegian Research Council. The different sessions of the symposium focused upon; Hydrological processes in frozen and partly frozen soils, Soil erosion measurement, processes and influencing factors, Modelling of infiltration, runoff and soil erosion during winter periods. Abstract from paper and poster presentations can be found in the Abstract Book from the Symposium, Jordforsk Report 41/01. The symposium also included one day with field excursion to sites in south eastern Norway where Centre for Soil and Environmental Research and Department of Soil and Water Science at the Agricultural University of Norway have their soil erosion experiments. This report present the excursion program and abstracts and summaries of presentations given at the excursion .
Abstract
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Authors
Lars Olav Eik Leif Jarle AsheimAbstract
Sheep and goat farming systems in this part of Europe are based on extensive use of non-fertilised natural pastures and a long barn-feeding period. One million ewes are kept for the production of meat and wool while 60,000 goats are kept mainly for themilk. The local demand for organic meat and milk is increasing gradually and 10 percent of the agricultural area is projected to be managed according to organic principles by 2010. This paper discusses the feasibility of introducing cashmere goats in an organic sheep farming production system, based on economical calculations in a Linear Programming model. Significant movements from sheep to cashmere goats production are entirely as slaughtering of eight months old kids (11 kg) is unprofitable, assuming equal labour input of goats and sheep. Yields of meat and cashmere could be improved by feeding the kids until 20 months (19 kg) so possibly making goats as profitable as sheep. The benefits of high value cashmere production and controlling bush encroachment by goats favour a mixed farming system. If yield-levels of roughage can be maintained at 75% without artificial fertilizers and challenges in housing of small ruminants are solved, a shift away from conventional farming is profitable given the current support for organic farming.
Authors
Lars Olav Eik Leif Jarle Asheim Tormod ÅdnøyAbstract
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Authors
Bjørn ØklandAbstract
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Authors
Anders Göransson Toril Drabløs EldhusetAbstract
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Authors
Anders Göransson Toril Drabløs EldhusetAbstract
The results strongly suggest that the growth rate of N. spruce is not correlated with the basecation/Al ratio in the rooting medium, but with the basecation/nitrate ratio
Authors
Harald Kvaalen Erik Christiansen Øystein Johnsen Halvor SolheimAbstract
Genetic associations between initiation of embryogenic tissue (ET) and susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungi Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. in Norway spruce have been studied by initiating ET from zygotic embryos of mature seeds collected from 19 clones tested for susceptibility to the pathogens in a clonal field trial.Initiation frequencies varied significantly among clones (families), ranging from 12 to 56%. The family variance component accounted for more than 40% of the total variance in initiation frequency of ET. The estimates of broad-sense heritability of fungus susceptibility of the clones ranged from 0.12 for length of phloem necrosis after low-density inoculation with H. annosum to 0.55 for blue-stained sapwood after mass inoculation with C. polonica.None of the susceptibility measures showed any phenotypic correlation with initiation of embryogenic tissue. Genetic correlations and their standard errors were estimated by bootstrapping. Two measures of fungal susceptibility correlated genetically with initiation of ET; estimated at 0.58 for lesion length after inoculation with C. polonica and 0.29 for H. annosum lesion length. A better measure of susceptibility, blue-stained sapwood following inoculation with C. polonica, was not correlated with initiation of ET.
Abstract
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