Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2002
Forfattere
Lise Hatten Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
Sau er satt ut på sommerbeite på fire delvis gjengrodde øyer på Helgelandskysten i årene 1999-2001. Viktigste gjengroingsarter på øyene er mjødurt og lyngvekster. Dyra ble satt tidlig på beite og beitetrykket var forholdsvis hardt. Veiing av dyra gjennom beitesesongen viste at tilveksten hos lammene har vært akseptabel sammenliknet med tilvekst hos lam som har beitet i etblerte beiteområder i nærheten. Forsøket viser at restaureringsbeiting ikke trenger å bety nedsatt tilvekst.
2001
Forfattere
Olav Prestvik Arne GrønlundSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
F Schlyter Mats Svensson Qing-He Zhang Milos Knizek Paal Krokene Per Ivarsson G BirgerssonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Rune Halvorsen Økland Tonje Økland Knut RydgrenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
H.B. GjærumSammendrag
Puccinia hydrocotyles Cooke is reported as a new member og the rust flora of Macaronesia. For six other species in the genera Frommeëlla, Phragmidium, Puccinia and Uromyces new hosts and new localities are reported.
Sammendrag
Brassiceye® traps baited with ethylisothiocyanate were modified and used to collect adults of Delia radicum and D. floralis from the field to observe the infection level of Entomophthora muscae and Strongwellsea castrans. This study confirms that both E. muscae and S. castrans contain the basic properties to establish epidemics and act as important mortality factors in the field. Our results also suggest that E. muscae dominates under warm conditions and that S. castrans might be more dominating under cold conditions. The study also indicates that modified Brassiceye® traps are effective and very selective for D. radicum and D. floralis. Advantages and disadvantages of using different capture methods for fly population monitoring, pathogen sampling, and autodissemination are presented.
Forfattere
B. Darvas M. Skuhravá Arild AndersenSammendrag
Utbredelse, vertplanter, betydning, symptomer, morfologi, livssyklus og naturlige fiender for alle skadedyr blant tovinger i jordbruket i palaearktis.
Forfattere
Christian Uhlig O JunttilaSammendrag
Uptake of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ca, K, Mg, P, and S in Empetrum hermaphroditum ssp. hermaphroditum Hagerup and Vaccinium myrtillus L. from Ni, Cu and SO2 contaminated sites in Sør-Varanger, Northern Norway, were investigated. The primary objective was to study the effect of airborne heavy metal pollution on foliar element composition of these two dwarf shrubs. Ni distribution and availability in soils clearly indicate atmospheric deposition of Ni particulates in Sør-Varanger. Foliar Ni concentrations in E. hermaphroditum and V. myrtillus increased in relation to plant available Ni in corresponding soils. Leaves of E. hermaphroditum generally contained higher concentrations of Ni than leaves of V. myrtillus. Emissions influenced some features of leaf elemental composition of the two species in very different ways. In leaves of V. myrtillus, S increased in proportion to Ni and Cu, while levels of Mn decreased. In leaves of E. hermaphroditum, Fe increased in proportion to Ni and Cu, while levels of Ca decreased
Forfattere
Christian UhligSammendrag
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of airborne heavy metal pollution on Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium myrtillus. Towards this end, tissue elemental composition and tissue frost hardiness of E. nigrum and V. myrtillus were investigated in response to long-term heavy metal pollution in the vicinities of nickel and copper smelters in Harjavalta (Finland), Nikel and Monchegorsk (Russia). Furthermore, heavy metal induced ecophysiological responses as changes in chlorophyll concentration, ABA content, water potential, organic acids, dark respiration, and maximum photosynthesis were studied for E. nigrum in situ and in greenhouse experiments. In addition, soil samples were taken from the vicinity of Nikel and Harjavalta and analyzed for total and plant available concentrations of Cu and Ni. Aerial Cu and Ni pollution were found to have caused increased concentrations of Cu and Ni in above ground tissues of V. myrtillus and E. nigrum. There was clear evidence that both species have taken up these metals at least partly from the soil. In general, V. myrtillus accumulated heavy metals to a lesser extent than E. nigrum. The highest concentrations of Cu and Ni in V. myrtillus generally did not exceed 100 mg/kg dw, even when growing in highly contaminated environments. This level is therefore suggested to be the upper limit of tolerance for V. myrtillus. The relatively low concentrations of Cu and Ni found in the species suggest that V. myrtillus avoids the uptake of these elements to a significant degree. In marked contrast, E. nigrum strongly accumulated Cu and Ni, and was proposed to be a hyperaccumulator for these elements. Since hyperaccumulation of heavy metals requires an effective detoxification mechanism, E. nigrum is assumed to be a highly Cu and Ni tolerant species. In general, tissues of E. nigrum showed increasing accumulation of heavy metals with increasing age. Stems and dead plant material showed particularly high concentrations of these metals. Remarkably high concentrations of Fe (225,000 mg/kg dw) and Cu (50,000 mg/kg dw) were found in the humus layer (Oh) below the canopies of E. nigrum. Airborne heavy metal pollution affected nutrient levels of above ground tissues of the two plant species studied in different ways. In V. myrtillus, S increased in proportion to Ni and Cu, while levels of Mn decreased. In E. nigrum, Fe increased in proportion to Ni and Cu, while levels of Ca decreased. In both species, different tissues exhibited different degrees of frost hardiness (LT50). The order of hardiness of specific tissues in V. myrtillus was: flower buds < vegetative buds < vascular tissue < cortical tissue < epidermal tissue, while those of E. nigrum were: flower buds < winter buds < two-year-old vascular tissue < one-year-old vascular tissue < two-year-old leaves < one-year-old leaves. Visual observations of V. myrtillus and E. nigrum indicated that shoot survival depended on the hardiness of the vascular tissue, which, in mid-winter, was generally hardy to between -30 °C to -35 °C for both species. Heavy metal accumulation in the overwintering shoots of V. myrtillus and E. nigrum had little or no effect on their frost hardiness. Decreased contents of chlorophyll pigments and organic acids and increased ABA contents near to the pollution source at Harjavalta indicate that heavy metal pollution has a negative effects on the physiological activity of E. nigrum. The results of this study suggest three major conclusions: 1) V. myrtillus is a moderately Cu and Ni tolerant species, which can survive at severely metal polluted sites by virtue of avoidance mechanisms; 2) E. nigrum is a highly Cu and Ni tolerant species that may survive at severely metal polluted sites due to a combination of tolerance and avoidance mechanisms.