Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2005
Forfattere
J. Jacobs Halvor Solheim Brenda D. Wingfield Michael J. WingfieldSammendrag
The genus Leptographium was described in 1927 and currently includes 48 species, with L. lundbergii as the type species. In recent years, the taxonomic status of L. lundbergii has not been uniformly agreed upon and it has been the topic of considerable debate. The problem was compounded by the absence of a type specimen, and the species was epitypified at a later stage. Unfortunately, the whereabouts of the epitype is now unknown. In 1983, Wingfield & Marasas described L. truncatum, which is morphologically similar to L. lundbergii. Based on DNA comparisons and similarities in their morphology, this fungus was reduced to synonymy with L. lundbergii. The loss of the type specimen as well as variation in the morphology of strains identified as L. lundbergii prompted us to re-examine the taxonomic status of this species. A number of strains from various geographic areas were studied. These include a strain of L. lundbergii deposited at CBS by Melin in 1929 (CBS 352.29) as well as the ex-type strain of L. truncatum. The strains were compared based on morphology and comparison of multiple gene sequences. Three genes or genic regions, ITS2 and part of the 28S gene, partial â-tubulin and partial elongation factor 1-α were compared. Strains currently identified as L. lundbergii, represented a complex of species. Strains initially described as L. truncatum clustered separately from other L. lundbergii strains, could be distinguished morphologically and should be treated as a distinct taxon. L. lundbergii is provided with a new and expanded description based on a neotype designated for it. A third group was also identified as separate from the main L. lundbergii clade and had a distinct Hyalorhinocladiella-type anamorph, described here as H. pinicola sp.nov.
Forfattere
Birger VenneslandSammendrag
During the 1980s Norway was troubled with overcapacity in the agricultural sector. The rural development support scheme (RDSS) was introduced. Farmers were encouraged to invest in forestry-related projects and rural business. More than 15 evaluations of the RDSS are undertaken, all of them having severe methodological weakness. The following study introduces a new tool, when analyzing a public support scheme like the RDSS in Norway. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a multi-input, multi-output optimization model used to measure relative efficiency of the best practice counties. The analysis is a two-stage study. In step one, it is found that 13 of the 18 (72%) counties in Norway are generating less output in the form of employment from a given level of the RDSS-budget than technically possible. In step two, a reallocation of the budget is shown for the purpose of maximizing the output of job establishments in rural Norway. The DEA is seen as a useful tool in measuring the efficiency of the RDSS at regional level in Norway.
Forfattere
Jon Frank Ingvald Røsberg Petter NilsenSammendrag
Project report to SNS project. Describes the methods for calculating C storage in Norwegian forests. Overview of the C-storage in forests and changes over time. Describing projects that can influence the Norwegian LULUCF reporting.
Forfattere
Bjørn ØklandSammendrag
Ips typographus is considered the most destructive of the bark beetles in the coniferous forests of the Palaearctic region. At low population densities this species breeds in fresh windfalls or dying trees of Norway spruce. At high densities, in contrast, the beetles may show tree-killing outbreaks at regional scales. Spatio-temporal analyses based on pheromone trap data indicated that large windfall events may be a major instigator and synchronizer of beetle outbreaks in areas subjected to regionalized weather systems. The general dominance of lag 1 density dependence of the time series indicated that the beetle populations are constrained by intraspecific competition for breeding substrates. The time series sequence before the large windfelling of 1987 was however declining without significant density dependence. We suggest this to be a transition period, reflecting a drop in carrying capacity due to depletion of susceptible trees during the preceding outbreak period (1970s) and a drop in beetle number to below the density required to kill trees. A variety of organisms exhibit episodes of explosive population growth, triggered by disturbance events. A new general model is constructed to capture the coupling of disturbance events with resource accumulation / depletion. The model is refined and parameterized using the dynamics of the Ips typographus in Scandinavia as a model system. The waiting times between outbreaks of simulated time series were generally longer and more variable than the outbreak lengths, which agree well with the historical records in the last 250 years. Spectral analysis and logspline density plots of waiting times suggest that the transition from aperiodic to periodic population dynamics should be regarded as a continuum.
Forfattere
Inge Stupak Møller Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen Antti Asikainen Dominik Röser Anders Lunnan Erik Karltun M. Jonsell M. Schröder R. Ozolincius M. Mandre Talis Gaitnieks Ingeborg Callesen Nicholas Clarke Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari A. Indriksons Morten Ingerslev L. KairiukstisSammendrag
The substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy consumption is a measure to mitigate global warming, and political action plans at European and national levels exist for an increased use. The use of forest biomass for energy can imply different economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages for the society, the energy sector and forestry. For the achievement of an increased and sustainable use of forest biomass for energy, the WOOD-EN-MAN project aimed at synthesis and creation of new knowledge within the field.
Forfattere
Morten NittebergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jan-Ole Skage Terhi PousiSammendrag
Foryngelse og gjenvekst etter skogbranner var tema på markdagen 28.september 2004 som Norsk-Trepleieforum-Vest, et lokallag av Norsk Trepleieforum (NTF) på Vestlandet, arrangerte for medlemmer og andre intresserte trevenner. Dr.phil Oddvar Skre, tidligere forsker ved Norsk institutt for skogforskning (Skogforsk) i Bergen, nå professor ved Universitetet i Oulu, Finland var invitert til å orientere om de nyeste forskningsresultatene fra flere skogbranner på Vestlandet. Rammen omkring dette var vandring i en skogbrannflate på Gaupås i Bergen, med kaffekoking på bål og foredrag fra stubben.
Forfattere
D. Tønnesen Tor Myking Ingvald Røsberg Nicholas Clarke Brit Lisa Skjelkvåle Øyvind Kaste Thorbjørn LarssenSammendrag
Impact assessment for a proposed LNG plant has been carried out for three potential locations in northwest Russia. The impact from the plant is small, and the critical loads for terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems will not be exceeded at any of the 3 locations.
Forfattere
Bernt-Håvard ØyenSammendrag
Gjengroingen setter preg på våre kyst- og fjordlandskap. Fra svært mange leirer er det nærmest unisone klagerop som lyder - gjengroingen er blitt vår ellevte landeplage. Er virkeligheten slik?
Forfattere
Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
Driftsopplegg for trelasttørkene og investeringer i nye anlegg utgjør en betydelig, om ikke dominerende, del av den forretnigsmessige drift for et sagbruk. Det er derfor avgjørende å optimalisere den økonomiske, og ikke bare faglige, driften. Dette kan neppe gjøres uten å gjennomføre formaliserte kalkyle. Et utkast til kalkylemodell presenteres.