Hopp til hovedinnholdet

Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2005

Sammendrag

To avoid over-fertilization of potassium (K) and thereby a mineral composition in the grass crop not optimal for animal health, estimation of K release from soil is important. The analytical methods should therefore predict the total K release from soil. Furthermore, to minimize costs for the farmers they should provide information which remains valid over a period of several years. The relationship between different soil extraction procedures for K and K uptake in ley for three subsequent years after soil sampling was studied in 19 field experiments on a range of mineral soil types in Norway. Potassium determined with solutions that extracted exchangeable K or parts of exchangeable K (0.01 M CaCl2, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 1 M NH4oAc or ammonium acetate lactate) was significantly (p

Sammendrag

Potassium (K) release from sources that are not initially exchangeable is attributed to depletion of interlayer K of micas and clay minerals or weathering of feldspars. The aim of the present study was to estimate the K release from interlayer K. Soil samples from 17 field experiments in ley on a range of mineral soils in Norway were used in the study. The change in K fixation capacity was used as an estimate of depletion of interlayer K. It was assumed that the increase in K fixation capacity during three years of cropping was equivalent to the amount of K depleted from the interlayer positions. Mean K fixation increased in the majority of the soils during three years of grass cropping both with and without K application. The increase in K fixation indicated that without K application the K uptake from interlayer K amounted to 43, 28 and 26% of the K yield for clay soils, high K sandy soils and low K sandy soils, respectively. Including K uptake from exchangeable K in the topsoil and from subsoil, the explained K uptake amounted to 79, 69 and 81% for the three groups of soil, respectively. Simple linear regression analyses showed that the change in K fixation during three years of grass cropping was best explained by the percentage of clay in the soil.

Sammendrag

Studies have focused on the progress of diapause and post-diapause development in one early- and one late-emerging population of D. floralis at various temperatures. For the early emerging biotype, diapause progressed gradually at low temperatures and terminated in late spring. For the late emerging biotype also, diapause progressed gradually for a certain period, but did not end, no matter the duration of chilling. For both populations, diapause developed faster at constant 18 ºC compared to combinations with chilling periods, implicating that chilling was not a prerequisite for diapause development. For the late emerging population, results indicated a second phase of diapause development with a threshold temperature of about 7 "C. However, the rate of this second phase development did not increase linearly with temperatures but had an optimum at about 12 "C. Post-diapause development for both populations was similar and had a lower threshold of about 2 "C. Results explain how delayed emergence in some populations are regulated.

Sammendrag

Many different species of microorganisms have one or more hydrogenase enzymes that reduce protons to molecular hydrogen under certain conditions. Upon sulfur deprivation, green algae can produce relatively large amounts of hydrogen in a sustainable process. The majority of research in this field has focused on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but other species of green algae are also able to produce hydrogen under sulfur deprivation. Using PCR reactions, we examined the presence of hydrogenase genes in marine and fresh water species of green algae that were able to produce hydrogen under sulfur deprived conditions. Primers were designed from conserved regions of the sequence of the two hydrogenase genes in C. reinhardtii, and used to screen for the presence of similar gene sequences in other species. PCR products that were sequenced suggest that genes for hydrogenase are present in C. noctigama and other species. Similarities and differences in the sequences of hydrogenase genes between C. reinhardtii and other species, will be presented.

Sammendrag

Arealbruk og tele antas å påvirke transport av vann og partikler gjennom jorda. Målet med studiet var å identifisere, måle og tolke endringer i jordegenskaper på grunn av arealbruk og teledannelse kunne påvirke vanntransport og partikler gjennom jordprofilet på lokaliteter på ei slette med silt over leire, under skog, tilplantet beite og dyrket mark.  Oppdyrkingen med endring til åker eller eng har økt jordblandingen forårsaket i hovedsak av meitemark. Resultatene av denne aktiviteten forblir i det minste delvis, bevart også  40 år etter skogplanting. Sammenlignende studier, som denne, fastslår retninger i jordsmonnutvikling, og gir dermed grunnleggende informasjon nødvendig for å minimalisere jorddegradering og partikkeltransport forårsaket av dyrkingen.

Sammendrag

Rapporten beskriver en videreutvikling av erosjonsmodellen GIS avrenning, som ble utviklet i 2001 til bruk i områdebaserte tiltaksplaner. GIS avrenning er utvidet med nye funksjoner for å beregne retensjon i fangdammer og vegetasjonssoner, registrering av andre erosjonsformer og hydrotekniske tiltak, datautveksling med andre systemer, forenklet brukergrensesnitt og standardiserte rutiner for import av data fra registre over sentrale tilskuddsordninger. Fylkesmannen i Vestfold har benyttet GIS avrenning til erosjonsberegninger for de enkelte nedbørfelt innen fylket. Goksjø-prosjektet har benyttet GIS avrenning til å beregne erosjon på delnedbørfeltnivå, og effekter av forskjellige driftstyper og tiltak. Erfaringene i prosjektet viser at GIS avrenning er et fleksibelt og allsidig planleggingsverktøy tilpasset flere ulike målgrupper. Det kan benyttes på flere detaljeringsnivåer - fra de overordnede tiltaksanalysene på nedbørfeltnivå, til de helt konkrete tiltakene på det enkelte skifte. Rapporten beskriver også en del områder der det vil være nyttig å videreutvikle modellen.

Sammendrag

Enare-Pasvikregionen er et naturgeografisk og kulturhistorisk grenseland der øst møter vest. I dette vidstrakte skog- og innsjøområdet har den eurosibirske taigaen sitt vestlige endepunkt, i møte med Barentshavets karrige tundrakyst.