Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2004
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Klaus Mittenzwei Maria Loureiro Wenche Dramstad Wendy Fjellstad Ola Flaten Arnt Kristian Gjertsen Sjur Spildo PrestegardSammendrag
The level of support to Norwegian agriculture is partly justified with reference to agriculture’s multifunctionality. The concept of multifunctionality involves the provision of so-called “public goods» by agriculture, in addition to the production of food and fibre. Examples of these public goods include cultural landscape, biodiversity, ecological functions, cultural heritage, the viability of rural areas, and food security. The overall aim of the research project “Operationalization of multifunctionality using the CAPRI modeling system» is to study the effects of policy instruments on agriculture’s multifunctionality by defining quantitative indicators for selected elements of agriculture’s multifunctionality that can be implemented in the agricultural sector model CAPRI. This working paper takes a first step towards the appropriate regionalization when multifunctionality is concerned. The current regionalization of the CAPRI model is at the county level. This approach fails when multifunctionality is concerned, because many issues of multifunctionaliy (e.g., cultural landscape aspects) are independent of administrative borders at that level. As the aim of the overall project is to study the effects of policy instruments on agriculture’s multifunctionality, it is important to design regions within the CAPRI model that to a greater extent exhibit similar characteristics with respect to aspects of agriculture’s multifunctionality. Accordingly, it is reasonable to assume that policy changes will have quite similar effects on the multifunctionality indicators within each of these CAPRI regions. This task has been addressed by performing a cluster analysis by which Norwegian municipalities have been grouped with respect to their performance on variables that are expected to describe different aspects of the multifunctionality of agriculture. This information will then later on be used to regionalize the CAPRI model accordingly. […]
Forfattere
David Gadoury Robert C. Seem William E. MacHardy Wayne F. Wilcox David A. Rosenberger Arne StensvandSammendrag
Maturation and release of ascospores of Venturia inaequalis was assessed at Geneva and Highland, New York; and at Durham, NH. Airborne ascospore dose was monitored at each location by volumetric spore traps. Maturation and discharge of ascospores at each location was also assessed by microscopic examination of crushed pseudothecia (squash mounts). Additional assessments were made at New York locations to quantify release from leaf disks collected weekly from orchards (discharge tests). Finally, ascospore maturity was estimated for each location by a degree-day model developed in an earlier study. Ascospore maturation and release as measured by squash mounts and discharge tests lagged significantly behind cumulative ascospore release as determined by volumetric spore traps. The mean date of 98% ascospore discharge as determined by squash mounts or discharge tests occurred from 20-30 days after the mean date on which cumulative ascospore release had been detected by volumetric traps. Cumulative ascospore maturity estimated by the degree-day model was highly correlated (r2 = 0.82) with observed cumulative ascospore release as monitored by the volumetric traps. Although large differences between predicted maturity and observed discharge were common during the exponential phase of ascospore development (125 to 350 degree days after the occurrence of the green tip stage of apple fruit buds), the date of 98% cumulative ascospore maturity predicted by the model was generally within 1 to 9 calendar days of the date of 98% cumulative ascospore release as determined by the volumetric traps. Cumulative ascospore discharge as monitored by the volumetric traps always exceeded 98% at 600 degree days after green tip. Estimating the relative quantity of primary inoculum indirectly by means of a degree-day model was more closely aligned with observed ascospore release, as measured by volumetric traps, than actual assessments of ascospore maturity and discharge obtained through squash mounts and discharge tests.
Forfattere
Kaj Bo Veiersted Tove M. ØstensvikSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Magnus A. Halling Annette A. Longland Sirwan Martens Lars Nesheim Padraig O\"KielySammendrag
Yields of dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were determined in two varieties (AberDart and Fennema) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in small-plot field experiments at a total of nine sites in Norway, Sweden, Germany, UK and Ireland. AberDart, which had been bred to accumulate high levels of WSC and Fennema, which was a standard variety which accumulates normal levels of WSC, were investigated in a three- or four-cut silage system in the first year of ley. Trials were established in 2000 or 2001. Compared to Fennema, AberDart had significantly lower total DM yields at five sites and a significantly greater DM yield at one site. A strong interaction (p
Forfattere
Alhaji Jeng B.K. Sitaula R. Bajracharya S. SharmaSammendrag
Improved infrastructure in the last two decades has greatly enhanced access to markets for agricultural producers of the Mid-hills of Central Nepal. This coupled with the rising human and livestock populations (the hills accommodating the major proportion of the national population) resulted in the need to increase agricultural production. There is today little room for expansion of agricultural land in the quest to increase production. Increased production must therefore take the form of increased production per unit area (2-3 crops per unit area per annum, instead of 1). A prerequisite to achieving this is that nutriens that are removed be replaced, and the challenges posed by pests and diseases must be overcome. This is again achived by increased use of agro-chemicals, which may have detrimental effects on the environment. Mid-hill regions of Nepal which are very vulnerable to erosion are facing substantially increased human and livestock population pressures leading to intensification of land use, particulary that of agriculture and animal husbandry. Since the hills are at the head-reach of the country"s large river basins, any ernvironmental problem originating there swiftly embraces entire basins and watersheds. Unsustainable practices have led to land and forest degradation, soil erosion, fertility decline, and water quality/supply issues, which are now identified to be among the most serious environmental priorities facing Nepal. Hence, there is an urgent need to address the issues of soil productivity loss and water contamination by eroded sediment and agro-chemicals. The use of agro-chemicals in intensive agriculture is aimed at increasing production and thereby improved socio-economics conditions. However, the indiscriminate use of diverse dypes of pesticides and the exposure of the farmers to these raises a number of questions relating to safety and health. Produce contamination is also another aspect which needs to be addressed. The present 3-year study, which is implemented by Kathmandu University, coordinated by Jordforsk, and with the collaboration of Noragric, aims to provide: - a clearer understanding of the potentially adverse impacts that intensification of agriculture may have on soil fertility, crop productivity and soil erosion in the mid-hills of Nepal; - insights into the effects of intensive farming on water quality and possible option to mitigate adverse impacts; - improved understanding of how market forces and external interventions may impacy socio-economic development of rural communities and factors motivating farmers to adopt intensive production systems in the mid-hills; and - Useful policy formulation and implementation guidelines and tools for rapid assessment of land use and agricultural impacts on soil and water quality and on environment and human health. The first year of the project has been completed putting in place a solid basis for the achivement of the set objectives, among others: - Literature review completed; - Collection of biophysical and socioeconomic baseline data completed; - Establishment of field plots have been completed - Four M.Sc and one Ph.D students have been enrolled; - Incorporation of agricultural intensification into the M.Sc.Env.Course at Kathmandu Univ.; - Lab improvement through the procurement of atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS); - Strong involvement of local population through frequent participation in training workshops. However, due to the political situation of the country, it may be difficult to guarantee unproblematic visits to the selected watersheds and the smooth interaction with the local population.
Forfattere
Alhaji Jeng Bishal K. Sitaula Roshan M. Bajracharya Subodh SharmaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Helge BonesmoSammendrag
Agroforestry i Trøndelag, lauvtrevirke, beiteplanter, landskapsopplevelse, forskningas oppgave, Planteforsk Kvithamar
Sammendrag
Når den årvisse, hektiske perioden med hausting og sal av juletre, kristtorn og diverse klyppegrønt er tilbakelagt, er det viktig at ein ikkje gløymer felta resten av vinteren. For å redusera angrep av sopp og skadedyr, er det fleire arbeidsoppgåver som kan utførast før vekstsesongen tek til, spesielt rydding og diverse skjering. Frå februar/mars og fram til skyting er det ofte tørt og kaldt og difor minimal fare for å få soppinfeksjon i sårflater etter skjering.