Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
In Norway exterior wood structures have traditionally nearly exclusively been made of treated and untreated Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris. In recent years there has been a tendency that other tree species, like various domestic hardwoods and imported species have been used in exterior above ground applications, often unfinished. For several wood species, especially hardwoods, information regarding the durability in use class 3 is lacking. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate natural durability of Norwegian wood species for above ground applications comparing two non-standard above ground tests with the European standard tests for soil contact (EN 252) and lab performance against basidiomycetes (EN 113). The European standard tests EN 113 and EN 252 gave quite similar results, and they also corresponded well with the natural durability classification in EN 350-2. The two non-standard above ground tests differed to some extend from EN 113, EN 252 and EN 350-2. The results indicate that natural durability classification for one single wood species can change depending on use class. However, the field trials need a longer period of time before a final classification can be performed. Four species not included in EN 350-2 were classified in this study: Juniperus communis (1), Salix caprea (5), Sorbus aucuparia (5) and Populus tremula (5).
Sammendrag
In this project plant and vegetation preferences of two Norwegian dairy cattle breeds with different selection history were studied. The Norwegian dairy breed Blacksided Trønder and Nordland Cattle (STN) has never been selected efficiently for higher milk production. The other breed, however, the Norwegian Red (NR), has mainly been selected for this. Two herds both consisting of STN and NR cows, were studied. To examine the animals\" plant preferences, faeces samples were collected and analysed for plant fragments. Vegetation maps were also used to find possible differences in grazing preferences. Breed differences with regard to recorded plant fragments in the faeces samples were significant for Nardus stricta, a species characteristic for nutrient poor but mostly species rich vegetation types in the studied areas, vegetation types of high importance for the biodiversity especially in one of the areas. STN had the highest share of Nardus stricta. Altogether the results of the study indicate that a higher producing cattle breed might prefer to graze more nutrient rich vegetation areas compared to a lower yielding cattle breed, when grazing less nutrient and base rich - but species rich grasslands.
Sammendrag
Wood for outdoor decking has a high marked share in the Nordic and Baltic countries among private house owners. Important issues for the consumer are maintenance intervals and aesthetic appearance as well as decay resistance. Knowledge and consumer information about these aspects are required to ensure that wood can compete with alternative decking materials. In this paper an accelerated testing of decking, “stapelbäddsmetoden”, was evaluated after six years of exposure at Ås, Norway, and compared with earlier reported results after three years. Twelve different preservatives and wood modification treatments were used in addition to untreated Scots pine (sapwood and heartwood) and larch (heartwood). The samples were treated with two different surface treatments. In addition there was one set without any surface treatment. In this method for accelerated testing, discolouration and decay was evaluated. This provided new information about performance both on and above ground for a range of different combinations of preservative/modified systems and surface treatments of wood in decking for outdoor use. For example, no clear differences were found between the surface treatments and no surface treatment. The wood modifications with styrene and furfurylalcohol performed just as good, or better, than the copper containing treatments.
Forfattere
Sebastian EiterSammendrag
Anmeldt bok: Price, Martin F. editor, 2007. Mountain area research and management: integrated approaches. Earthscan, Sterling, Virginia. xiv + 302 p. $95.00, ISBN: 978-1-84407-427-3.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nenad Kea Halvor SolheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Jan Stenlid Matteo Garbelotto Ursula Kües James B. Anderson Francis Martin Halvor SolheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In the last few decades, it has been noted that the epiphytic lichen Usnea longissima appears to be declining in numbers throughout its previous distribution range in Scandinavia. Up until now, clearcutting forestry has been considered the main threat to its persistence. Suspecting that other threats also may be at work, we studied the fate of 20 U. longissima localities in undisturbed forest stands, surveyed in 1994–95 and subsequently in 2003–04, in the Nordmarka region, north of Oslo, Norway. Yearly λ was calculated to be 0.94 (95% CI = 0.91-0.97), both with respect to number of trees bearing the lichen and total number of thalli per locality. This corresponds to a 10-year decline of 46%, or a half-life of 11 years. No new establishments were recorded. Now being listed as Endangered (EN) in the revised Norwegian Redlist of 2006, all known localities will be protected from major forestry operations. However, without knowledge of additional threat sources, its future possibility for survival looks bleak. Possible negative factors are discussed, including air pollution, increasing tree canopy closure, inter-specific competition, and genetic depauperation.
Forfattere
Tao Zhao Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson Bo Långström Halvor Solheim Erik ChristiansenSammendrag
Induced reactions in the phloem is a basic mechanism of conifer resistance to bark beetle and their associated fungi (1,2). Previous research has proved that certain doses of Ceratocystis polonica infection or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application could induce acquired resistance and decrease subsequent fungal or bark beetle colonization (3,4,5). To study the induced chemical changes after fungal infection and MeJA application in the phloem of mature Norway spruce, three groups, each of 24 P. abies trees of similar size, were chosen in Tönnersjöheden, southern Sweden, in May 2006. The three groups were then inoculated with C. polonica, sprayed with MeJA, or used as untreated control, respectively. Phloem samples were taken twice from each tree: on the same day as treatment and 1 mo later. The terpene composition of all the samples was analyzed by GC-MS, and the enantiomeric compositions of α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene were analyzed by 2D-GC (6). The result indicated that both MeJA application and C. polonica infection had certain effects on the terpene composition. C. polonica infection significantly increased the biosynthesis of 3-carene, sabinene, and terpinolene. Both mean absolute amounts and relative amounts of these monoterpenes increased in samples from fungus inoculated trees, similar to what is observed in Scots pine after Leptographium wingfieldii inoculation (7). MeJA application increased the absolute amount of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, and some other major terpenes, but it did not change the relative amount of these terpenes. However, neither MeJA application nor fungal infection changed the enantiomeric compositions of α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene in the phloem of Norway spruce.
Forfattere
Rimvydas Vasaitis Bo Långström Halvor Solheim Ylva Persson Katarina Ihrmark Jan StenlidSammendrag
Ips typographus is economically most important insect pest of mature spruce in Eurasia. Normally, it prefers to reproduce in dead and/or dying trees, but following large-scale storm disturbances, its outbreaks kill waste areas of living stands. One factor triggering such epidemics is a surplus of broken and uprooted trees with non-existent, or weak, defence....