Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Peder Lombnæs Andrew C. Chang Bal Ram SinghSammendrag
Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the interactive effects of an organic ligand, a competing cation, and PH on the dissolution of zinc (Zn) from three California soils, Maymen sandy loam, Merced clay, and Yolo clay loam. The concentrations of soluble Zn of the three soils were low in a background solution of Ca(NO3)(2). Citric acid, a common organic ligand found in the rhizosphere, was effective in mobilizing Zn in these soils; its presence enhanced the concentration of Zn in soil solution by citrate forming a complex with Zn. The ability of Zn to form a complex with citric acid in the soil solution was dependent on the concentration of citric acid, PH, and the concentration of the competing cation Ca2+. The PH of the soil solution determined the extent of desorption of Zn in solid phase in the presence of citric acid. The amounts of Zn released from the solid phase were proportional to the concentration of citric acid and inversely proportional to the concentration of Ca(NO3)(2) background solution, which supplied the competing cation Ca2+ for the formation of a complex with citrate. When the soil suspension was spiked with Zn, the adsorption of Zn by the soils was retarded by citric acid via the formation of the soluble Zn-citrate complex. The dissolution of Zn in the presence of citric acid was PH dependent in both adsorption and desorption processes.
Forfattere
Arve Arstein Liv OstremSammendrag
Stor avling, høg fôrkvalitet og lite utsett for hjorteskade. Det er tre viktige stikkord om grasarten raisvingel. Artikkelen tek føre seg Karl Andre Gjelsvik i Askvoll kommune sine praktiske dyrkingserfaringar med raisvingel. I 2008 skal han hausta 50 daa med Hykor raisvingel tre gonger. Erfaringane hans er at Hykor overvintrar svært godt, toler mange slåttar og kan utnytte vekstsesongen noko betre enn tradisjonelle timotei-engsvingelblandingar. Førsteslåtten i 2007 gav knappe 900 fôreiningar pr daa, med ein FEm-verdi på 0,93. Gjødsling, fôrverdi og gjæringsresultat for tre slåttar i 2007 er gitt.
Forfattere
Astrid Johansen Anne Kjersti Bakken Sissel HansenSammendrag
Det vert gjort greie for oppnådde avlingar og avlingskvalitet gjennom fire år i eit økologisk vekstskifte. Resultata er lagde til grunn for ein diskusjon om høveleg avdråttsnivå og dyretal på eit mjølkeproduksjonsbruk der målsetjinga er å vere sjølvforsynt med fôr. På det gitte naturgrunnlaget såg det ut til å vere muleg å produsere 500-600 kg mølk per dekar og år.
Sammendrag
Artikkelen omtalar korleis eit venta mildare og våtare klima med større svingingar mellom frost og varme, vil påverka overvintringa i gras. Slike problemstillingar blir studert ulike stader i landet i eit prosjekt i Bioforsk. Milde haustar gir dårleg herding av graset, og både i Tromsø (Holt) og i Fjaler (Fureneset) såg ein at graset tolde mindre frost om vinteren etter milde og våte haustar samanlikna med kaldare og tørrare vér. På same vis vil herdinga påverka kor lenge grasplantene held på frosttoleransen. Utviklinga i timotei og fleirårig raigras varierer gjennom vinteren. Timotei samlar opp meir karbohydrat enn fl.årig raigras, men ikkje minst er plantesvinnet om vinteren mykje mindre i timotei slik at arten har meir tilgjengelege næringsreservar om våren enn fleirårig raigras.
Forfattere
Lars Nesheim Anne Kjersti BakkenSammendrag
Resultat frå ni feltforsøk kan tolkast slik at ein bør velje timoteisortar som utviklar generative skot i gjenveksten dersom ein vil maksimere avlingsmengda. Men ein må også ta omsyn til at fôrverdien minkar sterkt ved aukande mengd generative skot. Ein bør tilrå å hauste gjenvekst av "Grindstad" tidleg dersom ein vil leggje stor vekt på fôrverdi. Ein må understreke at i desse forsøka har ein ikkje undersøkt korleis haustetida for andreslått verkar på overvintringa av grassvoren. Det må ein også ta med i vurderinga når ein skal bestemme val av timoteisort og haustetid.
Forfattere
Nina Heiberg Arnfinn NesSammendrag
The aim of this work was to find methods of producing red raspberry long canes of good quality in a Northern climate with a short growing season. Plants of two red raspberry cultivars ("Glen Ample" and "Glen Moy") were produced from roots in February and March. The plants were left in a greenhouse during spring. During summer the plants were placed in three different environments: outdoor, under rain cover and in polyethylene tunnels; and in December, the plants were moved into cold store (-1o C). The plants had one cane each. They were taken out of cold store at two times: 15 May and 15.June and placed into a plastic tunnel for berry production. The experiment was carried out at two different places and replicated twice. The best development of long canes was obtained by growing them in polyethylene tunnel during summer and autumn the first year. These plants also developed more laterals and flowers per laterals, and gave the highest yield. The plants grown under rain cover gave higher yield than plants grown outdoors. Prolonging the cold storage of the plants from 15 May to 15 June reduced the yield by 22 %. The reduction in yield was first of all a result of a reduction in the number of berries. The cultivar "Glen Ample" gave higher yield than cv. "Glen Moy" in all treatments. Based on the results of these experiments, use use of polyethylene tunnels or rain cover for long cane production of red raspberry in Northern climate with short growing season is recommended. Delaying the harvest season by prolonging the cold storage period in spring reduced the yield, but higher prices in autumn may make it profitable.
Sammendrag
Plant polyphenolics continue to be the focus of attention with regard to their putative impact on human health. An increasing and ageing human population means that the focus on nutrition and nutritional enhancement, or optimization of our foodstuffs, is paramount. Using raspberry as a model we have shown how modern metabolic profiling approaches can be used to identify the changes in the level of beneficial polyphenolics in fruit breeding segregating populations and how the level of these components are to what degree these are determined by genetic and/or environmental control. Interestingly, the Vitamin C content appeared to be significantly influenced by environment (growth conditions) whilst the content of the polyphenols such as cyanidin, pelargonidin and quercetin glycosides appeared to much more tightly regulated suggesting a rigorous genetic control. Preliminary metabolic profiling showed that the fruit polyphenolic profiles divided into two gross groups segregating on the basis of relative levels of cyanidin-3-sophoroside and cyaniding-3-rutinoside, compounds implicated as conferring human health benefits.
Forfattere
Arnfinn Nes Bjørn Hageberg Jørn Haslestad Rune HagelundSammendrag
The cultivar `Veten" has for many years been nearly the only red raspberry cultivar grown in Norway. The cultivation methods have therefore been developed and adapted to this cultivar. In later years the cultivar `Glen Ample" has become the most used cultivar. This cultivar also grows vigorously, but has a different growth habit from `Veten". The primocanes grow taller and the laterals are longer so the rows are mostly very high and dense. An experiment was established to find the optimal cane height and density for growing high quality raspberry of this cultivar. The experiment was established in a four-year-old field with `Glen Ample" in the spring of 2004. The canes were fixed to two wires that were 90 cm apart and every second cane was fixed to each wire. The canes were topped two buds above the wire, and the height of the wires was either 140 cm or 160 cm. Different cane densities were established by leaving 6, 8 or 10 canes per meter row at pruning early in the spring. There was no interaction between the experimental factors neither on berry size nor yield. The 20 cm difference in cane height did neither affect yield nor berry size. Cane density showed significant effects on yield. Crop per cane and per hectar increased with cane density. Berry size was not affected. The berries were, however, 20 per cent bigger the second year when the field was under polyethylene tunnels.
Forfattere
Arnfinn Nes Nina Opstad Bjørn Hageberg Finn MågeSammendrag
Bær frå eit langvarig gjødslingsforsøk med solbærsorten Ben Tron vart analyserte for fleire, viktige kvalitetskomponentar (løyst tørrstoff, titrerbar syre, askorbinsyre, antioksidantar, fargestyrke og -kvalitet) i tre år. Allle analysane synte statistisk sikre årsvariasjonar. Verknadene av ulike gjødslingsstrategiar (mengder, tidspunkt og metode for tilføring) gav berre sikre skilnader for løyst tørrstoff og fargestyrkeen i bærsafta.
Sammendrag
Clonal plants of Leuzea charthamoides and Rhodiola rosea and plants from one seedpopulation of Serratula coronata were grown at 5 different temperature treatments in a phytotrone. The treatments were 9, 15, 21 day/9 night and 21 degrees. All these treatments had 24 hours of light. In addition there was one treatment at 21 degrees with only 12 hours day. At 21 degrees the growth was reduced by short days for all species. Rhodiola grow best at low temperatures (9 degrees) and results indicate that it prefers differentiated day/night temperatures. On the contrary Serratula grows best at 21 degrees, and had a very slow growth at 9 degrees. The analysis of the level of adaptogens is not available yet.