Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
The challenges in providing sufficient food supply and drinking water to a rapidly growing world population are tremendous. Even more so, to meet these challenges without causing unacceptable pressures on the environment and the natural resources with subsequent risks of undermining the potential for feeding future generations. These questions, which basically deal with sustainability, should represent the framework for any development strategy in agriculture, irrespectively of whether the scale is global or local. The need for additional land and access to water represents key constraints in terms of meeting the expected increase in food demand, and would probably require a series of diverse development strategies, depending on both region and site-specific conditions. This presentation discusses different issues linked to the potential conflicts between increased food production in agriculture, and environmental impacts including food safety aspects. Contrasts will be exemplified by the two prevailing trends in agricultural practices; conventional farming practices based on extensive external inputs possibly also with the use of GM crops, and, organic agriculture based on the mineralization of external inputs into the production system. Strategies that may mitigate the pressures on the land and water resources are analysed in terms of quantitative as well as qualitative measures. A development strategy for sustainable agriculture would need to emphasis efficiency in terms of resources utilisation, and integrated approaches in terms of management strategies.
Sammendrag
The challenges in providing sufficient food supply and drinking water to a rapidly growing world population are tremendous. Even more so, to meet these challenges without causing unacceptable pressures on the environment and the natural resources with subsequent risks of undermining the potential for feeding future generations. These questions, which basically deal with sustainability, should represent the framework for any development strategy in agriculture, irrespectively of whether the scale is global or local. The need for additional land and access to water represents key constraints in terms of meeting the expected increase in food demand, and would probably require a series of diverse development strategies, depending on both region and site-specific conditions. This presentation discusses different issues linked to the potential conflicts between increased food production in agriculture, and environmental impacts including food safety aspects. Contrasts will be exemplified by the two prevailing trends in agricultural practices; conventional farming practices based on extensive external inputs possibly also with the use of GM crops, and, organic agriculture based on the mineralization of external inputs into the production system. Strategies that may mitigate the pressures on the land and water resources are analysed in terms of quantitative as well as qualitative measures. A development strategy for sustainable agriculture would need to emphasis efficiency in terms of resources utilisation, and integrated approaches in terms of management strategies.
Forfattere
Eldrid Lein MoltebergSammendrag
Presentasjon av en del viktige faktorer for avmodning i potet, inkludert lysgroing, settetid, vekstavslutning og fysiologisk alder. Med vekt på resultater fra to pågående prosjekter.
Forfattere
Lars Tørres HavstadSammendrag
Innlgegget tar for seg frøets modningsforløp, riktig tresketidspunkt og viktigheten av å tørke frøet raskt ned etter høsting.
Forfattere
Peder GjerdrumSammendrag
Moisture content in wood is a volatile feature, continuously changing under influence ofthe oscillating ambient climate. Unquestionably an essential quality trait for the timber,the MC and other drying quality aspects must be appropriate according to customerspecification at the time of delivery and final use.The objective of this presentation is to describe sorption relations in commercial timber boards for the period after kiln drying. Joint information from several semi-industrial experiments was used to establish MC prediction models for industrial applications. Kiln temperature was found to be of minor, however noticeable, significance to the equilibrium MC for timber dried in ordinary kilns operated below 100C.Spruce board samples of varying length from small, clear specimens up to commercial length boards were observed under varying climatic situations to analyse the nature of hysteresis. The hysteresis fades for smaller specimens and in dry settings. A differential (dynamic) model for MC sorption under steady-state climate at varying temperatures was estimated and analysed numerically.
Forfattere
Marie-France Dignac Cornelia Rumpel Daniel Rasse Mercedes Mendez-Millan Haithem Bahri André MariottiSammendrag
Little is known on the relationship between the chemical composition and the dynamics of plant biomolecules in soils at the long-term scale. Chemical recalcitrance of specific molecules such as lignins has been proposed as a possible factor governing organic matter stabilization in soils. Other stabilization mechanisms, involving soil mineral constituents, may act differently on above- and belowground tissues of plants, leading to contrasting contributions of these tissues to soil organic matter (SOM). Cutins and suberins are present respectively in the aboveground and the belowground tissues of higher plants and can be used as biomarkers of the inputs of these plant tissues to soils. Using compound specific isotopic tracer techniques applied to agricultural lands converted from C3 plant to C4 plant cropping, we followed the molecular turnover of lignins, cutins and suberins in soils, in order to assess their specific residence times, and infer the contributions of above- and belowground tissues to SOM. We showed that lignin turnover in soil is faster than that of total organic carbon. We evidenced contrasting behaviour of lignin as well as cutin/suberin monomers on a molecular basis which may be related to their chemical nature, their position into the polymeric structure and to the plant tissue in which they are present. Therefore, we suggest that compound specific isotope measurements in combination with longterm field trials could lead is understanding of soil carbon stocks and fluxes on a molecular level.
Sammendrag
The area of wood protection is in a period of change. New tools are needed to understand the mode of action, and to further improve the new wood protection systems. A set of useful tools are found among the molecular methods. This paper presents an overview of some of the tools available, and the methods are exemplified by papers within the frame of wood protection issues. However, there is still a great unexplored potential within the field of wood protection by the use of various molecular methods. The majority of the work using molecular methods has been performed on species identification issues and within species variation. This paper lists some new promising molecular methods for wood protection issues and a presentation of a new project. The new project will help to gain some new knowledge about how the fungal decay processes are affected by different wood modification systems.
Forfattere
Svein Solberg Erik NæssetSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
A presentation of work at Bioforsk Laboratory. Multimethods for pesticide residue analysis of food of plant origin and water. Results of the 2005 monitoring programme.