Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
This review describes the effects of the current and emerging lighting technologies on plants, and the plant-mediated effects on herbivorous and beneficial arthropods in high-technology year-round greenhouse production, where light quality, quantity and photoperiod differ from the natural environment. The spectrum provided by the current lighting technology, high-pressure sodium lamp (HPSL), differs considerably from that of solar radiation. The major plantmediated effects on arthropods were predicted to result from (a) extended photoperiods and lower light integrals, (b) the attenuation of ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, particularly UV-B, (c) the high red: far-red (R : FR) ratio and lower blue : red (B : R) in comparison with solar radiation and (d) the high proportion of yellowwavelengths during winter months. Of these light factors (a-d) (ceteris paribus), (a) and (b) were hypothesised to result in increased performance of herbivores in winter months, whereas the high R : FR ratio decreased herbivore performance or not affected it, at least when interlights are used. The predictions obtained on the basis of this review are also discussed in relation to the modifying factors prevailing in these production environments: enriched CO2 levels, high nutrient amounts, optimised irrigation and temperatures optimal for plants" needs. Based on the carbon/nitrogen and growth/differentiation balance theories, these modifying factors tend to produce plants that allocate most resources to growth at the expense of defensive secondary metabolism and physicochemical defensive structures. At the end, this review discusses knowledge gaps and future research prospects, in which light-emitting diodes, the emerging lighting technology, play an important role by enabling the targeted manipulation of plant responses to different wavelengths.
Sammendrag
In Scandinavia, high losses of soil and particulate-bound phosphorus (PP) have been shown to occur from tine-cultivated and mouldboard-ploughed soils in clay soil areas, especially in relatively warm, wet winters. Omitting primary tillage (not ploughing)in autumn and continuous crop cover are generally used to control soil erosion. In Norway, ploughing and shallow cultivation of sloping fields in spring instead of ploughing in autumn has been shown to reduce particle transport by up to 89% on soils with high erodibility. Particle erosion from clay soils can be reduced by 79% by direct drilling in spring compared with autumn ploughing. Hence, field experiments in Scandinavia on ploughless tillage of clay loams and clay soils compared with conventional ploughing in autumn usually show reductions in total P losses of 10-80%, via both surface runoff and subsurface runoff (lateral movements to drains). However, the effects of not ploughing during autumn on losses of dissolved reactive P (DRP) are frequently negative, since the proportion of DRP losses without ploughing compared conventional ploughing has increased up to fourfold in field experiment. In a comprehensive Norwegian field experiment at a site with high erosion risk the proportion of DRP compared to total P has increased twice in water after direct drilling compared to ploughing before winter wheat. Therefore erosion control measures should be further evaluated for fields with a low erosion risk since reduction in PP losses may be low and DRP losses still high. Ploughless tillage systems have potential side-effects, including an increased need for pesticides to control weeds (e.g. Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski) and plant diseases (e.g. Fusarium spp.) harboured by crop residues on the soil surface. Overall, soil tillage systems should be appraised for their positive and negative environmental effects before they are widely used for all conditions of soil, management practices, climate and landscape.
Forfattere
Anita Sønsteby Ola M. HeideSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Nina Opstad Anita Sønsteby Unni Myrheim Ola M. HeideSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trine Lund May-Guri Sæthre Ingrid Nyborg O. Coulibaly Md Hafizur RahmanSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Brita Toppe Arne Hückstädt María L. Herrero Jafar Razzaghian Andrew Dobson Hans Ragnar GislerødSammendrag
Moderat auka av frie koparion i næringsløysinga er kjent å kunna redusera spreiing av pseudosoppar som Pythium og Phytophthora. Effekten på Fusarium er meir usikker. Laboratorieforsøk gjennomført i prosjektet "Redusert åtak av rotsjukdomar i norske prydplanter" viser at konsentrasjon av frie koparion må aukast til relativt høge nivå for å hindra sporespiring hos Fusarium foetens.
Forfattere
Arild Andersen Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
De siste års forsøk med iberiaskogsnegl blir gjennomgått, blant annet testing av barrierer, effekten av naturlige fiender, og bruk av sneglemidler. Experiments on control of the invasive Iberian slug are described. Different barriers have been tested, along with the effect of natural enemies and pesticides.
Forfattere
Trygve Aamlid Arild AndersenSammendrag
Artsammensetning av rødkløversnutebiller og deres skade ved frøproduksjon av rødkløver blir gjennomgått The composition of Apion species and their damage to red clover seed production in Norway is reviewed.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Mari Mette TollefsrudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag