Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Artikkelen oppsummerer resultatene fra 8 norske sprøyteforsøk med konvensjonelle og alternative midler mot bringebærbladmidd (Phyllocoptes gracilis) siden 2005. Denne midden er et stort problem i "Glen Ample". To høstsprøytinger med rapsolje+grønnsåpe eller svovel har i forsøkene hatt opp mot 100 % effekt på overvintrende bladmidd rundt knoppene. Riktig sprøyteteknikk og god væskemengde er trolig avgjørende for så gode resultater. Når sprøytevæsken renner nedover stengelen og samler seg i restene av bladstilkene rundt neste års knopper, får bladmidden seg et dødelig bad. Ved å kombinere slik høstsprøyting og sprøyting med et vanlig middmiddel i tiden før blomstring bør det være mulig å få bladmidden under kontroll.
Forfattere
Siv Lene Gangenes SkarSammendrag
Abstract Quality of vegetables is influenced by many factors during growth. Changeable factors for the farmers are; variety, type of fertilizer, pest treatment methods and to some extent soil type. On the other hand pests (esp. fungi spore infection by air), precipitation, temperature and light conditions are unchangeable factors that can vary largely from year to year. In this presentation the most important pre harvest factors involved in quality changes of vegetables are discussed. Nitrogen tends to be an important factor that affects both yield and physical quality of vegetables as well as dry matter and content of minerals and secondary components. Generally, reduced levels of nitrogen increases dry matter and concentration of essential amino acids, flavour components, sugars, phenolic compounds, but not carotenes. On the other hand, content of nitrate decreases with level of nitrogen fertilisation. However, too little nitrogen restricts growth and can reduce quality of nitrogen demanding crops like Brassica vegetables. Attach by plant pathogens and insects stimulate the plants defence system by producing secondary plant compounds like phytoalexins and antioxidants that could either have positive or negative impact on health. On the other hand, certain pests could produce mycotoxins that contaminate vegetables and make them toxic to humans. Pesticide free cultivation systems can in general increase the probability for higher content of phytoalexins and mycotoxins in vegetables. Organic farming with absence of pesticides and restricted use of nitrogen adapt for an increase in content of the positive health related compounds, while at the same time decreasing the negative related compounds like pesticides and nitrate. Despite this high importance of nitrogen and pest treatment, climate factors that differ between years has shown to highly affect content of secondary compounds and sensory quality of vegetables. On the other hand, variety is a controllable factor that has an overwhelming effect of several quality factors like, sensory quality, colour and content of vitamins, minerals and secondary health related components. This could be utilised to improve quality of vegetables in both organic and conventional systems.
Forfattere
Bo Hansen Anne Falk Øgaard Martha EbbesvikSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow HofgaardSammendrag
During the 1980-1990"s Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium culmorum were reported as the most frequently isolated Fusarium species in Norwegian cereals. Recent years studies indicate a shift in the relative prevalence of Fusarium species.
Forfattere
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Heidi Udnes Aamot Sonja Klemsdal Marikka Jestoi Oleif Elen Guro BrodalSammendrag
During the 1980-1990"s Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium poae, Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium culmorum were reported as the most frequently isolated Fusarium species in Norwegian cereals. Recent years studies indicate a shift in the relative prevalence of Fusarium species. In a 6-year period from 2004-2009, researchers at Bioforsk collected about 500 grain samples of spring wheat and oats from farmers" fields in South East Norway to study the effect of environmental factors on development of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins. Climate data was collected from the nearest weather station, and information on cultivation practice in the respective fields was registered for each grain sample. All grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium-mycotoxin content by LC-MS/MS at the Finnish Food Safety Authority. The DNA content of selected Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. langsethiae/F. sporotrichioides) was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) above limit of detection (LOD, 50 µg/kg in oats and 45 µg/kg in spring wheat) were registered in more than 90% of the grain samples. Our data shows a trend towards an increased yearly median value of DON and 3-AcDON together with an increased occurrence of F. graminearum (DNA). In general, F. graminearum was detected at much higher levels than F. culmorum (qPCR). Concentrations of HT-2 and T-2 toxin above LOD were mainly registered in oats where more than 70% of the grain samples had a HT-2 concentration exceeding 80µg/kg. Similarly, the DNA content of F. langsethiae/F. sporotrichioides exceeded 0,1 pg per ng plant DNA in more than 70% of the oat samples, whereas this was only true in less than 5% of the spring wheat samples. As F. sporotrichioides is only sporadically found in Norwegian cereals, these results indicate F. langsethiae as the main HT-2/T-2 producer in Norwegian oats. F. avenaceum (DNA) and enniatins were detected in most grain samples indicating F. avenaceum as still being one of the most prevailing Fusarium species in Norwegian cereals. Moniliformin was detected in several of the grain samples, whereas hardly any samples contained nivalenol or diacetoxyscirpenol. Fusarenon-X, neosolaniol, fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 were not detected. Bioforsk has during the last 20-30 years been involved in several projects concerning Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins in Norwegian cereals. Prediction models for plant diseases (including Fusarium spp.) in cereals are today operative within the growing season in the Norwegian web-based disease decision support system, VIPS, administrated by Bioforsk http://www.vips-landbruk.no/. In an ongoing project (2010-2014) we focus on the effect of selected cultivation regimes on survival of Fusarium spp. in plant debris and development of mycotoxins in harvested grains of oats and spring wheat. Results will be used as a basis for further development of disease forecasting models, and for the development of guidelines for cultivation practice in Norway.
Forfattere
Ommo Hüppop V Dierschke Sverre Kobro J DierschkeSammendrag
The number of Bullfinches recorded on the offshore island of Helgoland (SE North Sea) in the autumn migration periods (late September to late December) from 1972 to 2009 are negatively correlated to the supply of rowanberries in Norway. Many Bullfinches only occurred, when this important winter food was scarce in Norway. As such correlation was found also for trapping sites at the Baltic Sea (Christiansø, Falsterbo), irruptively migratory behaviour of Scandinavian Bullfinches appears to act on a large geographical scale. This is underlined by the results of a linear model, showing that the occurrence of Bullfinches at Helgoland is best explained by trapping numbers in Falsterbo and their interaction with rowanberriy supply in Norway. Actually, not all invasions recorded at Falsterbo reach Helgoland, probably due to its situation far offshore: migrating passerines do not cross the German Bight in any weather situation, but instead often follow the coastline without touching Helgoland. It is stressed that data collected unsystematically are appropriate for analyses of invasions.
Forfattere
Jack D’Arcy E. Dunaevskaya Jim Treasurer Oddvar Ottesen Julie Maguire Nina Zhuravleva Åsbjørn Karlsen Celine ReboursSammendrag
The use of wrasse (F. Labridae) as biological cleaner-fish in the control of salmon lice has been demonstrated in a number of studies and they are successfully used on a large scale, with over two million wrasse being caught and stocked annually, in commercial salmon farms in Norway. Increasingly, efforts are being made to produce commercial stocks of wrasse for use on farms and an EU Northern Periphery Project entitled "Ecofish" has been established to develop the technologies for spawning and rearing the most promising cleaner fish, ballan wrasse, in captivity with dedicated production hatcheries will be established in Ireland, Norway and Scotland. This project will also look into the management of ballan wrasse in salmon cages in order to achieve the effective removal of lice. As part of the Ecofish work programme, this study examined the embryonic development of Ballan wrasse using material from a series of spawnings in Ireland and Norway. The overall development from fertilization to hatch was monitored and recorded and a standardized series of developmental stages are assigned, from zygote through cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation, segmentation to hatching: each with specific morphological landmarks. This standardization and the synchronization of the developmental stages will facilitate future studies with the species as we may be better able to compare the development rate of different geographic stocks and under different environmental conditions. The developing embryo was also staged at three different incubation temperatures; 10.5oC, 12.9 oC, and 16.5 oC with 50% hatched occurring at 171, 121 ands 96 hours post fertilisation respectively.
Forfattere
Helge SjursenSammendrag
Åkersnelle hører til den biologiske gruppen flerårig vandrende med jordstengler. Planten har to slags stengler, fertile og sterile: Den fertile planten er 10-20 cm høy, mens den sterile er 20-40 cm. Den fertile stengelen er opprett, åttekantet med åttetaggete slirer som er grågrønne nederst og mørkebrune øverst, ugreinet og uten klorofyll, med et ca. 2 cm langt sporebærende aks i toppen. Visner tidlig, etter at sporene er vindspredd. Den sterile sommerstengelen er grønn, oppstigende eller opprett, greinet, trinn, og som regel med 12 langsgående ribber. Forekommer på dyrket mark, jernbaneskråninger, veikanter, industriarealer og langs strender. Liker best fuktig, sur sandjord, og leirholdig jord, men vokser også på godt drenert jord. Opptrer som ugras i eng, beite og alle slags åkerkulturer, særlig på vass-sjuk og dårlig stelt jord. Motarbeides med et tett plantedekke, siden åkersnellen har liten evne til å konkurrere med en frodig kulturvekst, og ved grøfting, god jordkultur og sterk gjødsling. Skuddene over jorden kan drepes med ugrasmidler som inneholder fenoksysyrer (MCPA), men ikke alltid rotsystemet. Best virkning oppnår en ved sprøyting på velutviklete planter i en kultur som skygger godt for nye planter som måtte komme opp.