Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Harald Kvaalen Gunnhild Søgaard Aksel Granhus Inger Fløistad Kjersti Holt Hanssen Arne Steffenrem Tore SkrøppaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Artikkelen oppsummerer resultatene fra 8 norske sprøyteforsøk med konvensjonelle og alternative midler mot bringebærbladmidd (Phyllocoptes gracilis) siden 2005. Denne midden er et stort problem i "Glen Ample". To høstsprøytinger med rapsolje+grønnsåpe eller svovel har i forsøkene hatt opp mot 100 % effekt på overvintrende bladmidd rundt knoppene. Riktig sprøyteteknikk og god væskemengde er trolig avgjørende for så gode resultater. Når sprøytevæsken renner nedover stengelen og samler seg i restene av bladstilkene rundt neste års knopper, får bladmidden seg et dødelig bad. Ved å kombinere slik høstsprøyting og sprøyting med et vanlig middmiddel i tiden før blomstring bør det være mulig å få bladmidden under kontroll.
Sammendrag
Artikkelen oppsummerer resultatene fra 8 norske sprøyteforsøk med konvensjonelle og alternative midler mot bringebærbladmidd (Phyllocoptes gracilis) siden 2005. Denne midden er et stort problem i "Glen Ample". To høstsprøytinger med rapsolje+grønnsåpe eller svovel har i forsøkene hatt opp mot 100 % effekt på overvintrende bladmidd rundt knoppene. Riktig sprøyteteknikk og god væskemengde er trolig avgjørende for så gode resultater. Når sprøytevæsken renner nedover stengelen og samler seg i restene av bladstilkene rundt neste års knopper, får bladmidden seg et dødelig bad. Ved å kombinere slik høstsprøyting og sprøyting med et vanlig middmiddel i tiden før blomstring bør det være mulig å få bladmidden under kontroll.
Sammendrag
Det gis en oversikt over det siste årets arbeid med iberiaskogsnegl, blant annet utprøving av ulike barrierer for å stoppe sneglene, undersøkelse av overvintring i dyrka områder og videre utprøving av Nemaslug. Det blir særlig lagt vekt på at arten er i ferd med å invadere noen dyrka områder langs kysten. En må forvente at arten etter hvert blir et viktigere skadedyr i dyrka arealer, særlig i jordbær, grønnsaker og gras.
Forfattere
Arild Andersen Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
De siste års forsøk med iberiaskogsnegl blir gjennomgått, blant annet testing av barrierer, effekten av naturlige fiender, og bruk av sneglemidler. Experiments on control of the invasive Iberian slug are described. Different barriers have been tested, along with the effect of natural enemies and pesticides.
Forfattere
Kristine Marie Olsen Alain Hehn Hélène Jugdé Rune Slimestad Romain Larbat Frédéric Bourgaud Cathrine LilloSammendrag
Conclusions: CYP75A31 (NCBI accession number GQ904194), encodes a flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase, which accepts flavones, flavanones, dihydroflavonols and flavonols as substrates. The expression of the CYP75A31 gene was found to increase in response to nitrogen deprivation, in accordance with other genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, as expected for a gene involved in flavonoid metabolism.
Forfattere
Linda Bergaust Hans Ragnar Norli Dag Ekeberg Camilla Stene Hanne DevleSammendrag
The accumulation of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the environment raises concern in light of observed detrimental effects on wildlife as well as on public health. We here present a recently modified method for the identification and quantification of the following selection of bromodiphenyl ether (BDE) flame retardants: BDE-17, -47, -66, -100, -153 and -183, in soil and sediments, using a new extraction procedure followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Low- and high- resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS and HRMS, respectively) were compared and the latter was found to be superior with respect to both sensitivity and linear range. At LRMS mode the linear range was 3.8 - 19.2 ng/g, while the use of HRMS more than doubled the linear range to 1.9 - 38.4 ng/g. Both methods were tested with regards to matrix associated effects on the limit of detection and quantification. The use of HRMS yielded equal sensitivity for standards in solution and matrix. This was not the case when using LRMS. Here the limits of detection and quantification were severely elevated by the matrix. Recoveries were comparable, but slightly higher at LRMS mode (77.0 - 121.9%) compared to HRMS (83.2 - 115.3%). The method described here is high throughput, low cost and will prove valuable in monitoring the levels of BFRs in the environment.
Forfattere
May Bente Brurberg Xiaoren Chen May Bente Brurberg Sonja KlemsdalSammendrag
The oomycete Phytophthora cactorum causes crown rot in strawberry, resulting in big economic losses. To unravel the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the pathogenicity of P. cactorum on strawberry, two strategies were followed, SSH cDNA library and effector specific differential display (ESDD). Two cDNA libraries were made, enriched for P.cactorum genes upregulated during infection of strawberry or in in vitro germinating cysts (a developmental stage essential for infection). Recent characterization of oomycete AVR/effector genes revealed that they encode proteins with conserved RxLR-dEER motifs required for translocating these effectors into host cells. The presence of such a conserved "tag" has provided a tool for discovering the otherwise structurally diverse effector genes. To select RxLR effector genes from P. cactorum, ESDD was performed on seven cDNA populations including four developmental stages (mycelium, sporangia, zoospores,germinating cysts) as well as three time points during infection (3, 5, 7 days postinoculation),using RxLR and EER primers. Using these strategies more than 230 gene fragments were isolated. Nearly 30 % of the genes could not be assigned a coding function, using sequence similarity-based function prediction, because either no similar sequences were detected or similarities were found only to putative proteins with unknown function (mostly oomycete). However, several genes potentially relevant for pathogenicity, including several putative RxLR effector and elicitor genes were discovered. The expression of 27 of these genes was studied in detail using real-time RT- PCR, and their upregulated expression during infection relative to dispersal propagules (sporangia) were confirmed for all but one.
Forfattere
Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
The correct identification to species and pathotype is of crucial importance for the kind management and regulations to be imposed in Norway as G. pallida and G. rostochiensis species are quarantine pests regulated in the national plant health legislation. Identification is in accordance with the EPPO diagnostic protocol. Morphology, Iso electric focousing and molecular methods are used. Today, non-virulent G. rostochiensis is managed by crop rotation, while infestations by G. pallida or virulent G. rostochiensis results in at least 40-years ban for growing potato.
Sammendrag
Information retrieval from spatiotemporal data cubes is key to earth system sciences. Respective analyses need to consider two fundamental issues: First, natural phenomena fluctuate on different time scales. Second, these characteristic temporal patterns induce multiple geographical gradients. Here we propose an integrated approach of subsignal extraction and dimensionality reduction to extract geographical gradients on multiple time scales. The approach is exemplified using global remote sensing estimates of photosynthetic activity. A wide range of partly well interpretable gradients is retrieved. For instance, well known climate-induced anomalies in FAPAR over Africa and South America during the last severe ENSO event are identified. Also, the precise geographical patterns of the annual–seasonal cycle and its phasing are isolated. Other features lead to new questions on the underlying environmental dynamics. Our method can provide benchmarks for comparisons of data cubes, model runs, and thus be used as a basis for sophisticated model performance evaluations.