Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
The use of entomopathogenic nematodes against the vine weevil Otiorynchus sulcatus was studied under field conditions. A number of field trials were conducted using two commercial products of EPN, Nemasys H (Heterorhabditis megidis) and Nemasys L (Steinernema kraussei). The results from these trials indicate that low temperature is still a limiting factor for the successful use of EPN against O. sulcatus in Northern Europe. Furthermore it was observed that application methods of EPN in field grown strawberries requires improvement.
Sammendrag
The large arionid slug Arion lusitanicus is a serious pest in parts of northern Europe including many parts of Norway. In Norway it has mainly been a pest in home gardens but in recent years it has also spread to horticultural and vegetable crops such as strawberry and lettuce. This latter aspect is of great concern and a research project was initiated in 2005 to study the biology and control of this pest. The main aim of the project is to develop direct and preventive measures to reduce damage and further spread of the slug. To achieve this aim, the life-cycle, population dynamics and over-wintering strategies needs to be determined, as well as the distribution of the slug in the country. Direct and preventive measures are studied in gardens, in crops and in more controlled conditions. The studies include the use of biological agents such as the slug-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita
Sammendrag
Snegler er mange hageeiers store fortvilelse. Har du først fått brunsnegl (iberiaskogsneglen) i hagen, spiser den det meste. Foreløpig er det ikke mulig å utrydde den, men starter du sneglekrigen tidlig er det mulig å begrense antallet.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
In Scandinavia studies on entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) began in Denmark more than 70 years ago and two new species in the genus Steinernema were described (Bovien 1937). In Sweden, a few decades later, Pye and Burman (1978) studied the use of Steinernema spp. against the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) in forestry for the first time. Today the use of epn in Scandinavia is, like most countries, most successful and most commonly employed in protected environments such as glasshouses. Use outdoors is mostly in strawberries or in nurseries against root weevils (Otiorhynchus spp.) but in general the use outdoors is still rather limited. The potential for using epn in forestry against the large pine weevil (H. abietis) has not yet been realized. For Sweden with its large forested areas it may be difficult to use epn due to immigration of the pest from surrounding forests. The use of epn in smaller Norwegian forests may be more feasible where immigration of the pest may be less of a problem. The use of epn in a slow release system (`Nemabag") against pests, such as the pollen beetle and flea beetle (Meligethes aeneus and Phyllotreta spp.) in arable crops, has been studied in Finland. Use of epn in private gardens has not been monitored, but there appears to be great interest in using epn to control grubs such as the garden chafer (Phyllopertha horticola), which is an increasing problem in many countries. In Denmark Heterorhabditis bacteriophora has been tested, not always successfully, against P. horticola on golf courses. Another beneficial nematode, pathogenic to slugs, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is also on the market in some of the countries for use against the important slug pests Deroceras reticulatum and Arion lusitanicus. The latter species is becoming increasingly important as a pest not only in private gardens but also in cultivated crops such as strawberries.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are used for biological control of the soil dwelling stages of the vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, a serious pest of ornamentals and field grown strawberries. Several nematode species such as Heterorhabditis megidis, H. bacteriophora and Steinernema kraussei are commercially available in Europe for control of the vine weevil. S. kraussei is sold as a cold active strain for use outdoors at low temperatures. In southern Norway, several field trials have been conducted to examine the effect of S. kraussei on vine weevil larvae at low temperatures. The trials were assessed one month after nematode treatments and showed rather poor effect at soil temperatures below 12oC. Further work is necessary to investigate the long-term effect of the applied nematodes as well as biotic and abiotic factors that may affect nematode efficacy.
Forfattere
Solveig HaukelandSammendrag
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are used for biological control of the soil dwelling stages of the vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, a serious pest of ornamentals and field grown strawberries. The nematodes Heterorhabditis megidis, H. bacteriophora and Steinernema kraussei are commercially available in Europe for control of the vine weevil. S. kraussei is sold as a cold active strain for use outdoors at low temperatures. In southern Norway, several field trials were conducted in strawberries to examine the effect of S. kraussei on vine weevil larvae at low temperatures. The trials were assessed one month after nematode treatments and showed rather poor effect at soil temperatures below 12oC. Further work is necessary to investigate the long-term effect of the applied nematodes as well as biotic and abiotic factors that may affect nematode efficacy. For comparison, the nematode H. megidis was used in these same trials and the results showed that this species is effective at soil temperatures above 12oC, there was no indication that H. megidis had any effect at low temperatures.
Sammendrag
The presence of Steinernema carpocapsae is reported for the first time in a Nordic country. Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated from soil in apple orchards in Western Norway. Nematodes in the genus Steinernema were present in 11.9% of the samples including a population of S. carpocapsae. According to our knowledge the presence of S. carpocapsae is rare in northern Europe, and a report several years ago of this species from northern Sweden appears to have been S. feltiae not S. carpocapsae. This paper also presents an overview of entomopathogenic nematodes in the Nordic countries where the following species are reported: S. affine; S. bicornotum; S. carpocapsae; S. feltiae; S. intermedium; S. kraussei; S. silvaticum; `Steinernema sp. C1", `Steinernema sp. E"; Heterorhabditis downesii and H. megidis. The occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in the Nordic countries is based on area-wide surveys for some of the countries.
Sammendrag
Alternative metoder for å begrense skader forårsaket av gransnutebillen er svært aktuelle, både av hensyn til miljøet og fordi dagens kjemiske midler er på vei ut av bruk. I denne artikkelen fokusere vi på muligheten for å bruke et biologisk middel, nyttenematoder. Strategien med bruk av nyttenematoder går ut på å redusere produksjonen av nye gransnutebiller ved å drepe så mange larver som mulig i stubbene hvor de lever.
Sammendrag
Et bokkapittel som gir en oversikt over hvilke forskjellige faktorer som kan påvirke nyttedyr som lever i jord. Nyttedyrene som omtales er insektpatogene sopp og insekt parasittære nematoder. Det blir gitt noen eksempler på hvordan jord er brukt som et reservoar for nyttedyr, med henblikk på bekjempelse av skadeinsekter eller midd.
Sammendrag
The role of light in control of cyathia abscission and bract discolouration in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) is unclear. The aim of this work was to study the involvement of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and extended photoperiod from 10 to 13, 16 or 24 hours with supplemental lighting at the end of the culture period on development of bract discoloration at marketing stage of the plants, and the postharvest performance of cyathia abscission in interior climate of two poinsettia cultivars, `Lilo" and `Millenium". The plants were grown at different photoperiods with supplemental PPF of 73 and 146 µmol m-2 s-1 at plant level. The extended supplemental light treatments were given for one, two or three weeks at the final cultivation period before marketing stage. Extended photoperiod from 10 up to 24 h had no influence on discolouration of the bracts as black and greenish areas of the bract in `Millenium". In contrast, `Lilo" developed serious bract discoloration at photoperiods longer than 13 h. The most serious symptom appeared at 24 h and three weeks of exposure time. Extended photoperiods with supplemental lighting enhanced cyathia abscission at the end of the culture time and during the postharvest test in interior climate. `Millenium" had a better ability to retain cyathia than `Lilo". It is concluded that poinsettia plants should be grown in a photoperiod not longer than 13 h in order to maintain a low rate of cyathia abscission at the end of the production period and during the first 2-3 weeks in interior climate.