Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2006
Sammendrag
The occurrence of Fusarium (represented by Fusarium spp. and Microdochium nivale) has been recorded in barley, oats and spring wheat seeds in Norway since the 1970-ies as part of the seed quality assessment. Annually a large number of samples representing both certified and farm saved seed from all cereal growing areas, was tested (100 or 200 seeds from each sample) at the Seed Testing Laboratory using the freezing blotter, the Doyer filter paper, and/or the agar plate (PDA) methods. In total, almost 30 000 samples of barley, more than 16 000 samples of oats and more than 9 000 samples of spring wheat were tested. The Fusarium frequencies were recorded in each sample, a mean of all samples was calculated each year for each cereal species, and multiple regressions with weather data from the growing season and also the Fusarium incidences in seed the previous year, were carried out. 69 % of the variation of the incidence of Fusarium in barley seeds was explained by 1) precipitation in July, 2) the incidence of Fusarium the previous year (both significant positive effects), and 3) precipitation in June, 4) temperature in July (both significant negative effects). In oat seed, precipitation in July and incidence of Fusarium the previous year explained 59 % of the variation. In spring wheat, as for barley and oats, precipitation in July and the incidence of Fusarium the previous year contributed positively, whereas precipitation in May and temperature in August had a negative effect.These four factors contributed significantly by 58% to the variation of Fusarium in spring wheat seed. It is concluded that the incidence of Fusarium in seed the previous year and precipitation in July were the main factors affecting the incidence of Fusarium in cereal seeds in Norway.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
A survey of the loose smut frequencies in certified barley seed lots in Norway during 1997"2002 showed that the disease has become more prevalent and has occurred at higher infection frequencies in recent years. Laboratory analyses (embryo method) of barley seeds harvested in 2001 and 2002, including both certified and farm saved seed, showed a large number of infected seed lots with higher than expected infection frequencies. One lot of farm saved seed (cv. Otira) from 2002 had 32% seed infection. Unexpectedly high loose smut infection frequencies recorded in fields sown with carboxin treated barley seed suggest a reduced effectiveness of the fungicide. A seed treatment experiment was conducted in 2002 using both greenhouse and field trials with two infected seed lots (cv. Otira with 14.4% and cv. Fager with 6.9% infected seeds) to evaluate and compare the effect of Fungazil C (carboxin + imazalil) and Premis Robust (triticonazol + imazalil) against loose smut. Fungazil C at normal rates reduced loose smut frequencies by approximately 50% or less. At twice the normal rate, loose smut symptoms were reduced by 60-80%. Premis Robust showed more effective loose smut control, but did not confer complete control.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Increasing levels of Fusarium mycotoxins have been recorded in Norwegian cereals during the last few years. In 2004, unusual high levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) were recorded, in particular in oats (e.g. 25-30 000 ppb) and some alarming levels of T-2 and HT-2 were recorded in 2005, also in oats. Due to the lack of effective control measures, FHB and mycotoxin contamination poses a significant threat to the yield and quality of cereals. Today only a very limited number of check samples of grains used for food and fodder are tested for mycotoxin content. To reduce the risk of contaminated cereals entering the food and feed processing chain, a four-year project (2006-2009) has been started, with the aim to develop a strategy for identification and discarding of unsuitable grain lots. Because there will be impracticable to analyse every lot the basis for a three-step screening system will be established: 1 - Development of prediction models based on information about effects of agronomic/cultivation practice and climatic conditions, for selection of putative `high-risk" fields/lots; 2 " Selection of a suitable and rapid testing method with capacity to screen a large number of samples for relevant mycotoxins at low costs, for testing of `high-risk" lots; 3 " Chemical toxin analyses of grain lots found to be highly contaminated in step 2. Fusarium avenaceum , F. culmorum, F. poae and F. tricinctum have been the most frequently recorded Fusarium species on cereals in Norway for many years. However, more recently also F. graminearum has occurred more frequently and F. langsethia has been detected especially in oats. Investigations will be carried out to see if there has been a change in the composition of Fusarium species.
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag