Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2021
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Det Grønne Skifte er som Jekyll & Hyde. Vil det redde kloden, eller er det bare grønnvasking? I denne læringspakka prøver vi å få praktisk grep om dette vage ny-ordet. Du vil lære hvorfor 2 + 2 aldri er 4 i det grønne skiftet. Skyggesiden er de samme miljøproblemene som før. Vi reflekterer over hvordan et grønt skifte faktisk kan gi endringer, og ikke bare grønnvasking av avfallet vårt.
Digitale læremidler – Edu-Arctic2 læringsverktøy: For mange eller for få ville dyr?
Hilde Karine Wam
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Da mennesker bestemte seg for å erobre verden, tok vi over ansvaret for å forvalte det meste av dyrelivet. Dette er ingen enkel oppgave. Økosystemer er så komplekse. Folk har så ulike meninger. I denne læringspakka får du innblikk viltforvaltning! Om den enkle teorien og den vanskelige praksisen. Og hva som kan skje hvis vi gir viltet "tilbake til naturen".
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Kraftigere regnbyger, flere jordras, vinden som hyler stadig oftere, lengre somre ... Det gode eller det dårlige ved et stadig varmere og villere klima! I denne læringspakka vil elevene få innblikk i nordlige klima og muligens til og med sanse det. Ikke minst vil de lære om klimaendringer i nord, som ikke er helt det samme som i sør.
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Selv i det mest uberørte av nordlige Europa har vi mistet nesten alle større intakte naturområder. Vi bygger og reiser over alt. Det skaper miljøproblemer som ikke er bærekraftige. I denne læringspakka får elevene innblikk i det gode og det dårlige med at vi forbruker natur, og de blir utfordret på det å være bevisst begge sider.
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Tundra er et brutalt kaldt sted å være om vinteren, med nesten ingen planter å beite. Kun de tøffeste av skapninger overlever. Blir hardførheten til tundra-dyr en fordel eller til besvær når klima endrer seg? I denne læringspakka utforsker vi hvordan klima-endringer påvirker tundraen og dyrene der. Vi anbefaler at elevene først gjør del 1 og 2 av serien om dyr og klima.
Forfattere
Hilde Karine WamSammendrag
Teknologi gir mennesker store overtak på andre dyrearter. Her lærer du om hvordan mennesker bruker teknologi for å overvåke og påvirke dyrelivet, og vi utforsker etiske dilemma. Er det f.eks. greit å fange og operere ville dyr? Vil vi vite alle naturens hemmeligheter?
Sammendrag
The large surface area of bunker silos imposes challenges with heating caused by plant respiration during initial ensiling. This study aimed to explore if application of a formic- and propionic acid-based additive would improve grass silage quality, reduce losses, and increase aerobic stability in bunker silos. At each of three harvests, every second tractor load was filled with either untreated or acid treated precision chopped crop, and ensiled in each of two identical bunker silos, 6 m × 27 m with three 3.5 m high walls, without roof. Each load in both bunker silos was compacted by two packing machines. Initially, an 8.3 t farm tractor worked for 10 min. followed by a 14.5 t wheel loader for 10 min. Silos were filled to approximately half of their capacity. Due to showers during all three harvests, crop dry matter (DM) concentrations were only 195, 186 and 213 g/kg, respectively. During unloading for feeding, silage DM density and DM concentrations were respectively 7% and 5% higher (P < 0.01) in acid treated (A) than in control (C) silage. This was presumably due to early cell rupture caused by the applied acid, and thereby higher effluent release from A than C silage. Additive treatment did not influence the amount of wasted silage. Invisible losses, that included crop respiration, effluent runoff, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic deterioration from the silo face, and gaseous losses were numerically higher in A than C silos on fresh weight basis, but slightly lower on DM basis. The proportion of harvested crop DM that was offered to animals was 837 and 829 g/kg for A and C silage, respectively (NS). Additive treatment reduced the proportion of non-protein N in total N, restricted silage fermentation to lactic and acetic acid, reduced NH3-N-values, and increased ethanol fermentation (P < 0.01). Silage DM intake index was higher for A than C silage (P < 0.001). Aerobic stability was not significantly influenced by additive treatment. The concentration of spores of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in spot silage samples from bunker silo faces was low or moderate, and did not differ according to additive treatment. Silo shoulder and side samples contained, however, significantly higher spore concentrations than mid and top samples.
Forfattere
Bente Føreid Julia Maria Szocs Regina J. Patinvoh Ilona Sárvári HorváthSammendrag
Purpose Anaerobic digestion produces renewable energy, biogas, from organic residues, but also digestate, a valuable organic fertiliser. Previous studies have indicated that digestate contains ample plant available nitrogen (N), but there are also concerns about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions after application of digestates to soil. The aim of this study was to compare digestate and undigested feedstock for fertiliser effect as well as greenhouse gas emissions during the next season. Methods Digestate and its feedstock, manure, were compared as N fertilisers for wheat. Mixing digestate with biochar before application was also tested. After harvest, soil samples were frozen and dried. Then GHG emissions immediately after a re-wetting of dry soil and after thawing of frozen soil were measured to determine emissions after a non-growing season (dry or cold). Results All N in digestate was plant available, while there was no significant N fertiliser effect of the undigested manure. N2O emissions were higher after a dry season than after freezing, but the undigested manure showed higher emissions during thawing than those detected during thawing of soils from any of the other treatments. Conclusion Anaerobic digestion makes N available to plants, and when residues with much N that is not plant available the first season are used, the risk of N2O emission next spring is high.
Forfattere
Anna Avetisyan M. Hokhanyan Kristina Herdt leidulf Lund Anne Linn Hykkerud Laura Jaakola Inger MartinussenSammendrag
Organic agriculture is acquiring increased attention in Armenia with numerous projects and initiatives prioritizing production of ecologically clean agricultural products. Application of organic fertilizers is one of the key factors supporting sustainable organic production of fruits and vegetables, which requires knowledge of fertilization regimes adapted to crop types for achieving optimum productivity. The present study evaluates the effect of the organic fertilizer “Bioklad” (Bioklad Ltd.) on growth and development of strawberry plantlets. Three concentrations of the organic fertilizer, 1:400, 1:200 and 1:100 dilutions of the concentrate were tested. Plantlets of the cultivar ‘Sonata’ were grown for nine weeks in pots under controlled conditions in a phytotron. Yield, biomass and total phenolic content were not significantly different between Bioklad application treatments. Nevertheless, the Bioklad at the intermediate dilution 1:200 was most optimal for strawberry growth. The analysis of chemical composition of leaves indicated that nitrogen content was higher in plants grown at the lowest dilution (1:100) of Bioklad. In addition, plantlets had the lowest phenolic content at this treatment. Based on the presented results of Bioklad’s effect on strawberry plantlets growth, cost/value insight of this organic fertilizer has been estimated.
Sammendrag
The separate and synergistic effects of land use and climate change on water quality variables in Old Woman Creek (OWC) watershed were evaluated using a hydrological model set up in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the OWC watershed. Model calibration was done using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and pareto optimization. The Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate data and the 20 different Global Circulation Models (GCMs) developed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase five (CMIP5) were used. Validation was done using the streamflow data from USGS gaging station and water quality data from the water quality lab, Heidelberg University. The simulation was divided into two land use scenarios: Scenario 1 for constant land use and Scenario 2 where land use was varied. Both land use simulations were run in four time periods to account for climate change: historical (1985–2014), current to near future (2018–2045), mid-century (2046–2075), and late-century (2076–2100) climate windows. For the historical period, the average of all the simulations made from the 20 different CMIP5 GCMs shows good agreement with the PRISM results for flow and the water quality variables of interest with smaller inter-model variability compared to PRISM results. For the other three climate windows, the results of Scenario 1 show an increase in flow and eight water quality variables (sediment (total suspended sediment), organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus (particulate p), mineral phosphorus (soluble reactive p), chlorophyll a, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen) across the climate windows but a slight decrease in one water quality variable, mineral phosphorus in the mid-century. The results of Scenario 2 show a greater increase in flow, and the eight water quality variables across the climate windows show a relatively larger decrease in one water quality variable (mineral phosphorus). The projected land use change has little impact compared to the projected climate change on OWC watershed in the 21st century.