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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2006

Sammendrag

Organic farming movements have traditionally aimed at a harmonious balance between animal husbandry and crop production on the farm. We bring scientific evidences that this is a prerequisite to maximize the efficiency of nitrogen use. The use of imported feed increases the total nutrient losses to the environment per litre of milk produced.

Sammendrag

Organic farming movements have traditionally aimed at a harmonious balance between animal husbandry and crop production on the farm. We bring scientific evidences that this is a prerequisite to maximize the efficiency of nitrogen use. The use of imported feed increases the total nutrient losses to the environment per litre of milk produced.

Sammendrag

Hydrology in the northern hemisphere is greatly affected by permafrost and seasonally frozen soils. In areas of permafrost only the top layer of the ground, as well as various thawed structures in the permafrost layer, are active from a hydrological point of view. Water supply is a big challenge in areas with permafrost. Changes in mechanical properties caused by changes in permafrost have also received much attention. Frozen ground near the surface will influence the distribution of melt-water and rain to run-off or infiltration. Changes in englacier and subglacier hydrology are important indicators of global warming. In this chapter examples of different geophysical methods applicable for charcterising flow and transport in cold regions are described. Case-studies carried out in Svalbard, Russia, Norway and Switzerland are presented. The examples relate to: leakages below frozen dams using electromagnetic (EM) soundings; EM soundings of saline permafrost and anomalous polarization; saltwater injection into permafrost zone; infiltration and solute transport in a partially frozen soil monitored by surface tomographic electrical resistivity techniques; drainage conditions beneath a glacier. The case studies presented (as well as examples from the literature) illustrate that most common geophysical methods are applicable in cold regions but may face problems with grounding or calibration of measurements with respect to hydrological meaningful properties such as water contents, etc. Temperature and phase change affect geophysical properties, and in combination with changes in solute concentration or changes in water content, the interpretation is made more complicated. Combining different geophysical and conventional methods may help to solve this problem.