Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2025
Forfattere
Erik J. JonerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Drenering vert framheva som eit viktig agronomisk tiltak for auka jordbruksproduksjon på den enkelte gard, samt for å betre klima, miljø og jordkvalitet. Dreneringsaktiviteten har lenge vore lågare enn behovet i norsk jordbruk, og ein ønskjer kunnskap om årsaker til dette. I denne rapporten er det sett på kostnader til drenering i ulike produksjonar og med ulikt dreneringsutstyr. Det er også vurdert lønsemd i drenering under ulike føresetnader. Kartlegging av barrierar for har vore ein sentral del av prosjektet. Viser til eige avsnitt med samandrag i rapporten.
Forfattere
Cristina Micheloni Frank Willem Oudshoorn María Isabel Blanco Penedo Sari Autio Andrea Beste Jacopo Goracci Matthias Koesling Ursula Kretzschmar Eligio Malusá Maria Dolores Raigon Jimenez Bernhard Speiser Jan van der Blom Felix WäckersSammendrag
The Expert Group for Technical Advice on Organic Production (EGTOP) was requested to advise on the use of several substances with plant protection or fertilising effects in organic production. The Group discussed whether the use of these substances and methods is in line with the objectives and principles of organic production, and whether they should be included in Regulation (EU) 2021/11652. Recommendations with respect to Annex II to Regulation (EU) (EU) 2021/1165: • The present entry for ‘stillage and stillage extract’ should be re-named ‘fermented plant materials such as vinasse or distillers grains’. The proportion of the total nitrogen present in the form of ammonium should be limited to maximum 30 % (by weight). • In the entries for ‘liquid animal excrements’, ‘composted or fermented bio-waste’ and ‘composted or fermented mixture of vegetable matter’, the term ‘fermented’ should be replaced by ‘digested’. • In the entry for ‘products and by-products of animal origin [...] hydrolysed proteins’, a restriction should be added to exclude production with alkalis or acids containing macronutrients (e.g. nitric or phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide or ammonia). • In the entry for ‘hydrolysed proteins of plant origin’, a restriction should be added to exclude production with alkalis or acids containing macronutrients (e.g. nitric or phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide or ammonia).
Forfattere
Magnus StenbrendenSammendrag
Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi har i 2024 utført vegetasjonskartlegging i deler av Lesja kommune, Innlandet fylke. Kartlagt areal er 75 km². Kartlegginga er gjort etter instruks for kartlegging i målestokk 1:20 000–50 000 (VK25). Det er laget vegetasjonskart og avleda temakart for sau- og storfebeite. Denne rapporten beskriver metode for kartlegging, registrerte vegetasjonstyper og vegetasjonsfordeling i området. Det er gitt en omtale av beiteverdi og beitekapasitet, samt kortfattede råd om skjøtsel og utnyttelse av beitet.
Sammendrag
For å kunne beregne samlede utslippsmengder fra mindre avløpsanlegg på nasjonalt og regionalt nivå, eller per vannforekomst, må renseeffekt for de ulike anleggstyper legges til grunn. Det har lenge foreligget en tabell som viser forventet renseeffekt for ulike typer mindre avløpsanlegg. Ved tilførselsberegninger har den forventede renseeffekten, som vil være renseeffekt under optimale forhold, blitt lagt til grunn for beregning av utslippsmengder. Imidlertid er det godt dokumentert at ikke alle mindre avløpsanlegg fungerer som forutsatt over tid. I dette prosjektet er det utarbeidet en oppdatert tabell som viser forventet renseeffekt for parameterne fosfor (tot-P), organisk stoff (BOF5), nitrogen (tot-N) og suspendert stoff (SS) for ulike typer velfungerende mindre avløpsanlegg. Vurderinger er basert på gjennomgang av litteratur. I tillegg er det for hver av de nevnte parametere lagt inn en gjennomsnittlig reduksjonsfaktor som vil danne grunnlag for en mer realistisk beregning av samlet utslippsmengde fra mindre avløpsanlegg i et større område, eksempel på nasjonalt eller regionalt nivå eller per vannforekomst. Reduksjonsfaktorene vil benyttes ved beregning av samlet utslippsmengde fra mindre avløpsanlegg i et større område. Det vil ikke være riktig å legge reduksjonsfaktorene til grunn for ethvert enkeltanlegg.
Forfattere
Tore Flatlandsmo Berglen Hilde Thelle Uggerud Martin Schlabach Sabine Eckhardt Ellen Katrin Enge Morten Bjørklund Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber Tone Roksvåg Aandahl Erling FjelldalSammendrag
I 2008 samlet Svanhovd Miljøsenter inn mose ved 11 lokaliteter i grenseområdene mot Russland som NILU analyserte for 11 metaller, PCB, PAH og dioksiner. Formålet var å undersøke om det var andre kilder til forurensning i grenseområdene enn gruvedrift og smelteverksindustri. Prøvetaking og analyse ble gjentatt av NILU i 2015 og 2020, men kun for 60 (2015) og 56 (2020) metaller. For spormetallene Ni, Cu, Co og As er det et klart mønster med forhøyede konsentrasjoner nedstrøms Nikel og Zapolyarnyj. Organiske miljøgifter viser lave konsentrasjoner.
Forfattere
Cristina Micheloni Frank Willem Oudshoorn Sari Autio Andrea Beste María Isabel Blanco Penedo Jacopo Goracci Matthias Koesling Eligio Malusá Bernhard Speiser Jan van der Blom Felix Wäckers Ursula KretzschmarSammendrag
The Expert Group for Technical Advice on Organic Production (EGTOP) was requested to advise on the use of several substances in organic production. The Group discussed whether the use of these substances is in line with the objectives and principles of organic production and whether they should therefore be included in Annex V of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1165.
Forfattere
Gunda ThömingSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Monica Sanden Eirill Ager-Wick Johanna Eva Bodin Nur Duale Anne-Marthe Ganes Jevnaker Kristian Prydz Volha Shapaval Ville Erling Sipinen Tage ThorstensenSammendrag
The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) has assessed an application for approval of soy leghemoglobin produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii for food uses in the EU. In accordance with an assignment specified by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and the Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA), VKM assesses whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) intended for the European market can pose risks to human or animal health, or the environment in Norway. VKM assesses the scientific documentation regarding GMO applications seeking approval for use of GMOs as food and feed, processing, or cultivation. The EU Regulation 1829/2003/EC (Regulation) covers living GMOs that fall under the Norwegian Gene Technology Act, as well as processed food and feed from GMOs (dead material) that fall under the Norwegian Food Act. The regulation is currently not part of the EEA agreement or implemented in Norwegian law. Norway conducts its own assessments of GMO applications in preparation for the possible implementation of the Regulation. In accordance with the assignment by NFSA and NEA, VKM assesses GMO applications during scientific hearings initiated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as after EFSA has published its own risk assessment of a GMO, up until EU member countries vote for or against approval in the EU Commission. The assignment is divided into three stages. Soy leghemoglobin produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii This application is submitted to gain authorisation for the use of soy leghemoglobin (the liquid preparation is referred to as “LegH Prep”) produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii (yeast) as a flavouring (“meaty taste”) in meat analogue products that will be marketed in the European Union (EU). Soy leghemoglobin is intended for addition to meat analogue products that are for use in foods such as burgers, meatballs, and sausages. Komagataella phaffii-strain employed in the production of soy leghemoglobin contains genetic modifications which allow it to express this protein. Following fermentation, the cells are lysed, and the soy leghemoglobin is concentrated by physical means. The soy leghemoglobin is delivered in a liquid preparation (LegH Prep) that is standardised to contain up to 9% soy leghemoglobin on a wet weight basis and a soy leghemoglobin protein purity of at least 65%. The remainder of the protein fraction in the LegH Prep is accounted for by residual proteins from the Komagataella phaffii production strain. These residual proteins are all endogenous to Komagataella phaffii as the gene coding for the expression of soy leghemoglobin is the only gene from a different organism. VKM has assessed the documentation in application EFSA-GMO- NL-2019-162 and EFSA's scientific opinion for the use of soy leghemoglobin produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii. The scientific documentation provided in the application is adequate for risk assessment, and in accordance with the EFSA guidance on risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms for use in food or feed. The VKM GMO Panel does not consider leghemoglobin from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii to imply potential specific health risks in Norway, compared to EU-countries. The EFSA opinion is adequate also for Norwegian considerations. Therefore, a full risk assessment was not performed by VKM. About the assignment: (...)
Forfattere
Monica Sanden Eirill Ager-Wick Johanna Eva Bodin Nur Duale Kristian Prydz Volha Shapaval Tage ThorstensenSammendrag
The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) has assessed an application for approval of soy leghemoglobin produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii for food uses in the EU. In accordance with an assignment specified by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) and the Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA), VKM assesses whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) intended for the European market can pose risks to human or animal health, or the environment in Norway. VKM assesses the scientific documentation regarding GMO applications seeking approval for use of GMOs as food and feed, processing, or cultivation. The EU Regulation 1829/2003/EC (Regulation) covers living GMOs that fall under the Norwegian Gene Technology Act, as well as processed food and feed from GMOs (dead material) that fall under the Norwegian Food Act. The regulation is currently not part of the EEA agreement or implemented in Norwegian law. Norway conducts its own assessments of GMO applications in preparation for the possible implementation of the Regulation. In accordance with the assignment by NFSA and NEA, VKM assesses GMO applications during scientific hearings initiated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as after EFSA has published its own risk assessment of a GMO, up until EU member countries vote for or against approval in the EU Commission. The assignment is divided into three stages. Soy leghemoglobin produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii This application is submitted to gain authorisation for the use of soy leghemoglobin (the liquid preparation is referred to as “LegH Prep”) produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii (yeast) as a flavouring (“meaty taste”) in meat analogue products that will be marketed in the European Union (EU). Soy leghemoglobin is intended for addition to meat analogue products that are for use in foods such as burgers, meatballs, and sausages. Komagataella phaffii-strain employed in the production of soy leghemoglobin contains genetic modifications which allow it to express this protein. Following fermentation, the cells are lysed, and the soy leghemoglobin is concentrated by physical means. The soy leghemoglobin is delivered in a liquid preparation (LegH Prep) that is standardised to contain up to 9% soy leghemoglobin on a wet weight basis and a soy leghemoglobin protein purity of at least 65%. The remainder of the protein fraction in the LegH Prep is accounted for by residual proteins from the Komagataella phaffii production strain. These residual proteins are all endogenous to Komagataella phaffii as the gene coding for the expression of soy leghemoglobin is the only gene from a different organism. VKM has assessed the documentation in application EFSA-GMO- NL-2019-162 and EFSA's scientific opinion for the use of soy leghemoglobin produced from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii. The scientific documentation provided in the application is adequate for risk assessment, and in accordance with the EFSA guidance on risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms for use in food or feed. The VKM GMO Panel does not consider leghemoglobin from genetically modified Komagataella phaffii to imply potential specific health risks in Norway, compared to EU-countries. The EFSA opinion is adequate also for Norwegian considerations. Therefore, a full risk assessment was not performed by VKM. About the assignment: (...)