Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2024
Forfattere
Ralf RautenbergerSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
This paper reports on a study investigating the viability and senescence of plum ovules when exposed to different constant temperatures over two years. The research was conducted on the primary and secondary ovules of four plum cultivars: ‘Mallard’, ‘Edda’, ‘Jubileum’, and ‘Reeves’. The results show that the first indication of ovule viability loss was callose accumulation, which was detected using the fluorescent dye aniline blue. All cultivars had viable ovules, in different percentages, at 8 °C on the twelfth day after anthesis. However, at higher temperatures, distinct patterns emerged, indicating the adaptability of each cultivar at certain temperatures. The first indication of callose accumulation became visible at the chalazal pole. After anthesis, the ovule’s ability to remain viable gradually reduced, followed by callose deposition throughout the ovary. The cultivars ‘Edda’ and ‘Reeves’, from 6 days after anthesis onward, in both years, showed the highest percentage of nonviable ovules. In contrast, the ‘Jubileum’ cultivar demonstrated the highest percentage of viable ovules. The loss of viability of secondary ovules followed a similar pattern to that of the primary ovules in all cultivars. This research provides valuable insights into embryological processes, which can help in the following breeding programs, and to cultivate plum cultivars in Western Norway’s climate conditions.
Forfattere
Mika Helene Kirkhus Håvard Kauserud Vigdis Vandvik Ella Thoen Ane Vollsnes Aud Helen Halbritter RechsteinerSammendrag
The boreal, alpine, and arctic heaths and forests are dominated by dwarf-shrubs along with their symbionts, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Dwarf-shrubs are sensitive to climate change and are already affected in large-scale diebacks. It remains to explore how their mycorrhizal symbionts mitigate damages, since little is known about these plant-fungal interactions. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are known to aid the host plant with nutrient uptake, but little research exists on their dealings with drought, suggesting a major knowledge gap. A better overview of belowground ericoid fungi at different drought levels might help predict future climate-change induced damage. In our study we aim to find out if and how drought affects ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities, and pinpoint key species related to drought mitigation.
Forfattere
Mika Helene Kirkhus Håvard Kauserud Vigdis Vandvik Ella Thoen Ane Vollsnes Aud Helen Halbritter RechsteinerSammendrag
The boreal, alpine, and arctic heaths and forests are dominated by dwarf-shrubs along with their symbionts, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Dwarf-shrubs are sensitive to climate change and are already affected in large-scale diebacks. It remains to explore how their mycorrhizal symbionts mitigate damages, since little is known about these plant-fungal interactions. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are known to aid the host plant with nutrient uptake, but little research exists on their dealings with drought, suggesting a major knowledge gap. A better overview of belowground ericoid fungi at different drought levels might help predict future climate-change induced damage. In our study we aim to find out if and how drought affects ericoid mycorrhizal fungal communities, and pinpoint key species related to drought mitigation.
Forfattere
Hiva Asadikia Seyed Habibollah Mosavi Tannaz Alizadeh Ashrafi Michael R. Reed Shraddha Hegde Hamed Najafi AlamdarloSammendrag
Energy and imported trout egg subsidies hold a pivotal role for Iranian trout farms. They aim to decrease production costs, yet their impact on the profit efficiency of farms remains dubious. The first objective of this paper is to assess how the current subsidy scheme affects the profit efficiency of hatchery and propagation trout farms in Mazandaran, Iran. We examine several subsidy reform scenarios to enhance profit efficiency as a second objective. Standard profit efficiency (SPE) is used to acquire the efficiency of the trout farms using data envelopment analysis. Results show that the majority of farms are inefficient and highly dependent on subsidies. Comparing farms with high efficiency against those with low efficiency as a third aim of research highlights the importance of farms holding a propagation license, engaging in vertical integration, achieving adult trout production surpassing 81 t, and maintaining a fish total feed consumption to trout production ratio below 0.74. Findings from reformation scenarios reveal 1) redirecting the current subsidy towards purchasing the extruder machines for fish feed production, 2) transferring funds to subsidize electricity based on the farm's electricity consumption, and 3) opting for the production of genetically modified eggs gives higher SPE. Reformation can also reduce the burden on public funds and dependency on importation.
Sammendrag
Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories (FMIs) for sustainable and efficient decision-making. Employing the area-based (ABA) approach, these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas (pixels), which are then usually summarized at the stand level. Using the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps (16 m × 16 m pixel resolution) alongside with stand-level growth and yield models, this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation (stand-level, stand-level with species strata, and pixel-level) on projected stand development. The results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation level. Notably, the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation, ranging from −301 to +253 m3⋅ha−1 for single stands. The differences were, on average, higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands, and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous stands. In conclusion, this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management, emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.
Forfattere
Lampros LamprinakisSammendrag
The chapter addresses the impacts of ethics in business’ competitiveness as they are naturally emerging in an embedded firm—i.e., a business organization that is “lifted out” from its market environment and instead explicitly takes into consideration social and environmental factors—e.g., socio-historical capital, environment, local resources, etc. In doing so we adopt the realist approach of the “soft” Polanyian interpretation of embeddedness where business organizations retain their corporate nature and continue to operate in the market economy; embeddedness is then built around the market economy and is expressed on the way the business organization is active in its relevant markets. Capital accumulation and other conventional corporate goals continue to drive the firm’s behavior which is now further impacted by local socio-ecological systems and a greater sense of responsibility and purpose.
Forfattere
Lidong Mo Thomas W. Crowther Daniel S. Maynard Johan van den Hoogen Haozhi Ma Lalasia Bialic-Murphy Jingjing Liang Sergio de-Miguel Gert-Jan Nabuurs Peter B. Reich Oliver L. Phillips Meinrad Abegg Yves C. Adou Yao Giorgio Alberti Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano Braulio Vilchez Alvarado Esteban Alvarez-Dávila Patricia Alvarez-Loayza Luciana F. Alves Iêda Amaral Christian Ammer Clara Antón Fernández Alejandro Araujo-Murakami Luzmila Arroyo Valerio Avitabile Gerardo A. Aymard Timothy R. Baker Radomir Bałazy Olaf Banki Jorcely G. Barroso Meredith L. Bastian Jean-Francois Bastin Luca Birigazzi Philippe Birnbaum Robert Bitariho Pascal Boeckx Frans Bongers Coline C. F. Boonman Olivier Bouriaud Pedro H. S. Brancalion Susanne Brandl Francis Q. Brearley Roel Brienen Eben N. Broadbent Helge Bruelheide Filippo Bussotti Roberto Cazzolla Gatti Ricardo G. César Goran Cesljar Robin Chazdon Han Y. H. Chen Chelsea Chisholm Hyunkook Cho Emil Cienciala Connie Clark David Clark Gabriel D. Colletta David A. Coomes Fernando Cornejo Valverde José J. Corral-Rivas Philip M. Crim Jonathan R. Cumming Selvadurai Dayanandan André L. de Gasper Mathieu Decuyper Géraldine Derroire Ben DeVries Ilija Djordjevic Jiri Dolezal Aurélie Dourdain Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang Brian J. Enquist Teresa J. Eyre Adandé Belarmain Fandohan Tom M. Fayle Ted R. Feldpausch Leandro V. Ferreira Leena Finér Markus Fischer Christine Fletcher Lorenzo Frizzera Javier G. P. Gamarra Damiano Gianelle Henry B. Glick David J. Harris Andrew Hector Andreas Hemp Geerten Hengeveld Bruno Hérault John L. Herbohn Martin Herold Peter Hietz Annika Hillers Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado Cang Hui Thomas Ibanez Nobuo Imai Andrzej M. Jagodziński Bogdan Jaroszewicz Vivian Kvist Johannsen Carlos A. Joly Tommaso Jucker Ilbin Jung Viktor Karminov Kuswata Kartawinata Elizabeth Kearsley David Kenfack Deborah K. Kennard Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas Gunnar Keppel Mohammed Latif Khan Timothy J. Killeen Hyun Seok Kim Kanehiro Kitayama Michael Köhl Henn Korjus Florian Kraxner Dmitry Kucher Diana Laarmann Mait Lang Simon L. Lewis Yuanzhi Li Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez Huicui Lu Natalia V. Lukina Brian S. Maitner Yadvinder Malhi Eric Marcon Beatriz Schwantes Marimon Ben Hur Marimon-Junior Andrew R. Marshall Emanuel H. Martin James K. McCarthy Jorge A. Meave Omar Melo-Cruz Casimiro Mendoza Irina Mendoza-Polo Stanislaw Miscicki Cory Merow Abel Monteagudo Mendoza Vanessa S. Moreno Sharif A. Mukul Philip Mundhenk María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda David Neill Victor J. Neldner Radovan V. Nevenic Michael R. Ngugi Pascal A. Niklaus Petr Ontikov Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi Yude Pan Alain Paquette Alexander Parada-Gutierrez Elena I. Parfenova Minjee Park Marc Parren Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy Pablo L. Peri Sebastian Pfautsch Nicolas Picard Maria Teresa F. Piedade Daniel Piotto Nigel C. A. Pitman Lourens Poorter Axel Dalberg Poulsen John R. Poulsen Hans Pretzsch Freddy Ramirez Arevalo Zorayda Restrepo-Correa Sarah J. Richardson Mirco Rodeghiero Samir G. Rolim Anand Roopsind Francesco Rovero Ervan Rutishauser Purabi Saikia Christian Salas-Eljatib Philippe Saner Peter Schall Mart-Jan Schelhaas Dmitry Schepaschenko Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Jochen Schöngart Eric B. Searle Vladimír Seben Josep M. Serra-Diaz Douglas Sheil Anatoly Z. Shvidenko Ana Carolina Da Silva Javier E. Silva-Espejo Marcos Silveira James Singh Plinio Sist Ferry Slik Bonaventure Sonké Enio Egon Sosinski Alexandre F. Souza Krzysztof J. Stereńczak Jens-Christian Svenning Miroslav Svoboda Ben Swanepoel Natalia Targhetta Nadja Tchebakova Hans ter Steege Raquel Thomas Elena Tikhonova Peter M. Umunay Vladimir A. Usoltsev Renato Valencia Fernando Valladares Peter M. Van Bodegom Fons van der Plas Tran Van Do Michael E. van Nuland Rodolfo M. Vasquez Hans Verbeeck Helder Viana Alexander C. Vibrans Simone Vieira Klaus von Gadow Hua-Feng Wang James V. Watson Gijsbert D. A. Werner Florian Wittmann Hannsjoerg Woell Verginia Wortel Roderick Zagt Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki Chunyu Zhang Xiuhai Zhao Mo Zhou Zhi-Xin Zhu Irie C. Zo-Bi Constantin M. ZohnerSammendrag
The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.
Forfattere
Berit Arheimer Christophe Cudennec Attilio Castellarin Salvatore Grimaldi Kate V. Heal Claire Lupton Archana Sarkar Fuqiang Tian Jean-Marie Kileshye Onema Stacey Archfield Günter Blöschl Pedro L. Borges Chaffe Barry F.W. Croke Moctar Dembélé Chris Leong Ana Mijic Giovanny M. Mosquera Bertil Nlend Adeyemi O. Olusola Maria J. Polo Melody Sandells Justin Sheffield Theresa C. van Hateren Mojtaba Shafiei Soham Adla Ankit Agarwal Cristina Aguilar Jafet C.M. Andersson Cynthia Andraos Ana Andreu Francesco Avanzi Ryan R. Bart Alena Bartosova Okke Batelaan James C. Bennett Miriam Bertola Nejc Bezak Judith Boekee Thom Bogaard Martijn J. Booij Pierre Brigode Wouter Buytaert Konstantine Bziava Giulio Castelli Cyndi V. Castro Natalie C. Ceperley Sivarama K. R. Chidepudi Francis H. S. Chiew Kwok P. Chun Addisu G. DagnewSammendrag
The new scientific decade (2023-2032) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) aims at searching for sustainable solutions to undesired water conditions – whether it be too little, too much or too polluted. Many of the current issues originate from global change, while solutions to problems must embrace local understanding and context. The decade will explore the current water crises by searching for actionable knowledge within three themes: global and local interactions, sustainable solutions and innovative cross-cutting methods. We capitalise on previous IAHS Scientific Decades shaping a trilogy; from Hydrological Predictions (PUB) to Change and Interdisciplinarity (Panta Rhei) to Solutions (HELPING). The vision is to solve fundamental water-related environmental and societal problems by engaging with other disciplines and local stakeholders. The decade endorses mutual learning and co-creation to progress towards UN sustainable development goals. Hence, HELPING is a vehicle for putting science in action, driven by scientists working on local hydrology in coordination with local, regional, and global processes.
Forfattere
Karen Ane Frøyland Skjennum Katinka Muri Krahn Erlend Sørmo Raoul Wolf Aleksandar I. Goranov Patrick G. Hatcher Thomas Hartnik Hans Peter Heinrich Arp Andrew R. Zimmerman Yaxin Zhang Gerard CornelissenSammendrag
To better characterize properties governing the sorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to biochar, twenty-three diverse biochars were characterized and evaluated as sorbents for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Biochars were produced at various temperatures, using two different technologies, and made from sewage sludge, food waste reject, wood wastes, and one reference substrate (wood pellets). The biochars were characterized in terms of surface area, pore volume and pore size distributions, elemental composition, leachable elements, ash content, pH, zeta potential, condensed aromatic carbon (ConAC) content (determined by benzenepolycarboxylic acid (BPCA) markers), and their -OH functional group content (infrared spectroscopy). PFOA sorption isotherms were determined using Polanyi-Dubinin-Manes (PDM) and Freundlich models. The sludge-based biochars [Freundlich coefficients (log KF) between 2.56 ± 0.11 and 6.72 ± 0.22 (μg/kg)/(μg/L)nF; fitted free energy of adsorption (E) and pore volume (Vo) from the PDM model between 13.27 and 17.26 kJ/mol, and 0.50 and 523.51 cm3/kg] outperformed wood biochars [log KF between 1.02 and 4.56 ± 0.22 (μg/kg)/(μg/L)nF; E between 9.87 and 17.44 kJ/mol; Vo between 0.21 and 7.16 cm3/kg] as PFOA sorbents. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the sorption capacity was mainly controlled by pore volume within the pore diameter region that could accommodate the molecular size of PFOA (3–6 nm). Hydrophobic interactions between PFOA and aromatic carbon rich regions controlled sorption affinity, especially in the wood biochars.